Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Nutritionally Essential Metals in Coconut Oil and Coconut Water Fractions http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i11.40
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The nutritional benefits of coconut oil have not been well reported. This study compared the status of nutritionally essential elements, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities in coconut oil (CNO) and coconut water (CNW) fractions. Elemental constituents of the CNO and CNW were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while the levels of DPPH and the total antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the DPPH scavenging ability of CNO (50.44 + 0.44 %) and CNW (49.41 + 0.07 %). The total antioxidant capacity of CNO (35.57 + 1.54 mg/dl) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in CNW (24.78 + 0.40 mg/dl). Levels of Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cr and Mn (83.86 + 1.93 mg/L, 10.89+ 0.25 mg/L, 8.71+ 0.17 mg/L, 7.56 + 0.19 mg/L, 0.73 + 0.03 mg/L, 0.08 + 0.01 mg/L and 0.77 + 0.03 mg/L respectively) in CNW were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in CNO (23.61+ 0.78 mg/L, 6.22+ 0.14 mg/L, 3.95+ 0.11mg/L, 2.83 + 0.06 mg/L, 0.17 + 0.04 mg/L, 0.04 + 0.02 mg/L and 0.5 + 0.01 mg/L respectively). It could be concluded that CNW contains essential elements and could be used to optimize metabolism in deficient individuals.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ezedom T. Coconut (C. nucifera) and Moringa (M. oleifera) Oils Protect Against Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Albino Rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2018; 2(4):158-161.
Siramon P, Wongsheree T. Chemical Composition, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity and Antibacterial Activity of Coconut Coir Dust Extract. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022;6(7):1135 –1139.
Prades A, Dornier M, Diop N, Pain JP. Coconut water uses, composition and properties: A review. Fruits. 2012;67(2):87–107.
Patil U, Benjakul S. Coconut Milk and Coconut Oil: Their Manufacture Associated with Protein Functionality. J Food Sci. 2018;83(8):2019–27.
Udayana SK, Naorem A, Singh NA. The Multipurpose Utilization of Coconut By-Products in Agriculture: Prospects and Concerns. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(6):1408–15.
Moreno ML, Kuwornu JKM, Szabo S. Overview and Constraints of the Coconut Supply Chain in the Philippines. Int J Fruit Sci. 2020;20(S2):S524–41.
Uba BO, Chukwura EI, Iheukwumere IH, Okeke JJ, Akaun IP. Evaluation of Marine Wastewater and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Toxicity using a Battery of Assays. Research & Reviews: J. Toxicol. 2020;10(2):1-3.
Jadhav HB, Annapure US. Triglycerides of medium-chain fatty acids: a concise review. J Food Sci Technol. 2023;60(8):2143–52.
da Silva Lima R, Block JM. Coconut oil: What do we really know about it so far? Food Quality and Safety. 2019;3(2):61–72.
Elekwa I, Ude VC, Emmanuel O, Amachaghi VO, Ugbogu EA. In vivo studies on the ameliorative effect of coconut water against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Biomarkers. 2021;26(6):570–7.
Airaodion AI, Ogbuagu EO. Ameliorative Effect of P. biglobosa (African Locust Bean) against Egg-Yolk Induced Hypertension. Int J of Bio-Sci & Bio-Tech. 2020;12(5):17–25.
Halim HH, Dee EW, Dek MSP, Hamid AA, Ngalim A, Saari N, Jaafar, AH. Ergogenic attributes of young and mature coconut (C. nucifera l.) water based on physical properties, sugars and electrolytes contents. Int J Food Prop. 2018;21(1):2378–89.
Ogunjobi KM, Abdulwahab SO, Gakenou OF, Thompson OE, Olorunfemi O. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemical constituents of three wood species in Ogun state, Nigeria. J Soc Trop Plant Res. 2020;7(3):627-33.
Sofowora A. Research on medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. J Alt Comp Med. 1996;2(3):365–72.
Song L, Li T, Yu R, Yan C, Ren S, Zhao Y. Antioxidant activities of hydrolysates of Arca subcrenata prepared with three proteases. Mar Drugs. 2008;6(4):607–19.
Aloanis AA, Karundeng M. Antioxidant Properties of Beringin (F. Benjamina Linn.) Fruit. Fullerene J Chem. 2021;6(2):165-170.
Nanda V, Sarkar BC, Sharma HK, Bawa AS. Physico-chemical properties and estimation of mineral content in honey produced from different plants in Northern India. J Food Comp Anal. 2003;16(5):613–9.
Arinola OG, Olaniyi JA, Akiibinu MO. Evaluation of antioxidant levels and trace element status in Nigerian sickle cell disease patients with Plasmodium parasitaemia. Pakistan J. Nutr. 2008;7(6):766–9.
Obidoa O, Joshua PE, Eze NJ. Phytochemical analysis of C. nucifera L. J Pharm Res. 2010;3(2):280–6.
Singla RK, Dubey AK. Phytochemical profiling, GC-MS analysis and α-amylase inhibitory potential of ethanolic extract of C. nucifera linn. Endocarp. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19(4):419–42.
Misrahanum M, Alfiyani N, Helwati H, Sadli S. Phytochemical, GC-MS Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract Coir and Shell U Groh (C. nucifera L.). Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2022;27(3):172–80.
Briguglio G, Costa C, Pollicino M, Giambò F, Catania S, Fenga C. Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights. Int J Funct Nutr. 2020;1(2):1–11.
Karunasiri AN, Senanayake CM, Hapugaswatta H, Jayathilaka N, Seneviratne KN. Protective Effect of Coconut Oil Meal Phenolic Antioxidants against Macromolecular Damage: In Vitro and in Vivo Study. J Chem. 2020;2020:1-8.
Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. The role of the status of selected micronutrients in shaping the immune function. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19(8):1100–15.
Raj SB, Ramaswamy S, Plapp BV. Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase Structure and Catalysis. Biochemistry. 2014;53(36):5791–803.
Sisodia NS. . Effect of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Environment & Health. International. J Res Appl Sci Biotech. 220;7(6):248-254.
Nnorom IC, Nnadozie C, Ugwa R, Obike AI. Proximate and trace metal analysis of coconut (C. nucifera) collected from Southeastern, Nigeria. ABSU J Env Sci Tech. 2023;3:357-361.
Adeoye RI, Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. Global mapping of research outputs on nanoparticles with peroxidase mimetic activity from 2010–2019. Inorg Nano-Metal Chem. 2023;53(2):199–211.
Ewansiha CJ, Ebhoaye JE, Asia IO, Ekebafe LO, Ehigie C. Proximate and mineral composition of coconut (C. nucifera) shell. Int J Pure Appl Sci Technol. 2012;13(1):57–60.
Spriet LL, Heigenhauser GJ. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Exer Sport Sci Rev. 2002;30(2):91–5.
Morais JB, Severo JS, de Alencar GR, de Oliveira AR, Cruz KJ, do Nascimento Marreiro D, de Carvalho CM, Frota KD. Effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in humans: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2017;38:54–60.
Barbagallo M, Veronese N, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium in aging, health and diseases. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):1–20.
Liu G, Sil D, Maio N, Tong WH, Bollinger JM, Krebs C, Rouault TA. Heme biosynthesis depends on previously unrecognized acquisition of iron-sulfur cofactors in human amino-levulinic acid dehydratase. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):6310.
Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(5):1443–60.
Farag MA, Hamouda S, Gomaa S, Agboluaje AA, Hariri MLM, Yousof SM. Dietary micronutrients from zygote to senility: Updated review of minerals’ role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutrients. 2021;13(11).
Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, Sreejayan N. Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(4):313–9.
Wang Y, Zhang W, Yao Q. Copper-based biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. J Orthop Translat. 2021;29:60–71.
Ishida T. Antiviral activities of Cu2+ ions in viral prevention, replication, RNA degradation, and for antiviral efficacies of lytic virus, ROS-mediated virus, copper chelation. World Scientific News. 2018;99:146–148.
Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional aspects of essential trace elements in oral health and disease: an extensive review. Scientifica. 2016;2016:1–12.