Investigating the Impact of Phenolic and Terpene Fractions extracted from <i>Prunus arabica</i> on p53 Protein Expression in AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 Human Cancer Cell Lines

http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i11.35

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, accounting for a quarter of all cases. The burden of cancer in transitional countries is rising. An esophageal cancer diagnosis typically carries a poor prognosis, as well as a high incidence and mortality rate. Apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis are all controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. In clinical oncology, many researchers revealed promising effective phytotherapy methods for cancer patients, compared to antitumor xenobiotics. Study objectives were to study the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the phenolic fraction from <i>Prunus arabica</i> on breast cancer (AMJ13) and Oesophagus adenocarcinoma cancer (SK-GT-4) cell lines by measuring human tumor protein (p53) expression. Cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) concentrations for each compound, then cells were collected with trypsinization and centrifuged. Cell precipitate was lysed using lysis buffer. The supernatant protein concentration was determined by Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) procedure, finally p53 expression assayed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit (ELISA). Phenolic fraction showed a significance increase in p53 protein expression on both AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 cancer cell lines (p value <0.05) while terpene fraction did not show any significance in both cell lines in comparison to untreated control group (p value<0.05). Phenolic fractions augment p53 expression giving a mechanistic insight into the fraction's cytotoxic attributes. Consequently, the terpene fraction serves as a potent anticancer agent through an alternate mechanism. The findings of this study offer a novel understanding of the biological functions of the phenolic fraction in relation to cancer therapy.