Antioxidant and Antidiabetic from Rhizophora mucronata Derived from Sambera Beach, East Kalimantan, Indonesia http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i10.31
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves. The R. mucronata leaf samples (1 kg) were extracted with methanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition extraction with dichloromethane, and finally ethyl acetate solvent. The extraction procedure was repeated three times for one 24-hour period. The phytochemical content of the three extracts was determined using the color test method, followed by an antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, and an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) to detect antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical contents of methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of R. mucronata mangrove leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract is categorized as extremely strong, with an IC50 value of 34.64 ppm. In addition, the ethyl acetate extracts reduced blood glucose levels in mice by 57.64% after 24 hours. The mangrove plant R. mucronata from the Sambera beach, particularly the ethyl acetate extract, has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and alternative anti-diabetic medicine.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
The Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Mangrove area in Indonesia. 2021; 2 p.
Atlas IDFD. International Diabetes Federation. The Lancet. 1955. 266; 134–137 p.
Dossou-Yovo HO, Vodouhè FG. Ethnobotanical survey of mangrove plant species used as medicine from Ouidah to grand-popo districts, southern Benin. Am J Ethnomedicine. 2017; 4 (18): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.21767/2348-9502.100008.
Usman U, Kusumaningtyas P, Sukemi S, Erwin E. An Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Rhizophora mucronata Leaf. J Sains dan Kesehat. 2023; 5(4): 541–549.
Barman AK, Ahmed T, Das H, Biswas B, Ali M, Acharyya R, et al. Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of extract of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. leaves against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(1): 77–83.
Arora K, Nagpal M, Jain U, Jat RC, Jain S. Mangroves: A novel gregarious phyto medicine for diabetes. Int J Res Dev Pharm Life Sci. 2014; 3(6): 1244–1257.
Revathi P, Senthinath TJ, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P, Prabhu N. An overview of antidiabetic profile of mangrove plants. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 6(3): 1–5.
Das SC, Das S, Tah J. Mangrove Forests and People’s Livelihoods BT- Mangroves: Biodiversity, Livelihoods and Conservation. In: Das SC, Pullaiah, Ashton EC, editors. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2022; 153–173 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0519-3_7
Aljaghthmi OH, Heba HM, Zeid IMA. Antihyperglycemic properties of mangrove plants (Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina): an overview. Adv Biol Res (Rennes). 2017; 11(4): 161–170.
Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Parthiban A, Mageswaran T, Manmadhan K, Sridhar R. A review on antidiabetic properties of Indian mangrove plants with reference to island ecosystem. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2019; vol. 2019: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4305148.
Kenneth-Obosi O, Babayemi OJ. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of phytochemical constituents of selected horticultural and medicinal plants in Nigeria. Int J Homeopath Nat Med. 2017; 3(1):1-8.
Kachkoul R, Houssaini TS, El Habbani R, Miyah Y, Mohim M, Lahrichi A. Phytochemical screening and inhibitory activity of oxalocalcic crystallization of Arbutus unedo L. leaves. Heliyon. 2018; 4(12): 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018. e01011.
Shaikh JR, Patil M. Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. Int J Chem Stud. 2020; 8(2): 603–608.
Senhaji B, Chebli B, Mayad E, Hamdouch A, Heimeur N, Chahid A, et al. Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activity of Asteriscus imbricatus and Pulicaria mauritanica organic extracts. Int Food Res J. 2017; 24(6): 2482–2489.
Bourhia M, Laasri FE, Moussa SI, Ullah R, Bari A, Saeed Ali S, et al. Phytochemistry, antioxidant activity, antiproliferative effect, and acute toxicity testing of two Moroccan aristolochia species. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2019; Vol. 2019:1-8. pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9710876.
Sahnouni F, Aicha D, Saim S, Djilali B, Menadi S. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research Original Research Article Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Three Red Macroalgae from Algerian West Coast. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(2): 336-341. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i2.21.
Akasia AI, Putra I, Putra ING. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun mangrove Rhizophora mucronata dan Rhizophora apiculata yang dikoleksi dari kawasan mangrove Desa Tuban, Bali. J Mar Res Technol. 2021;4(1): 16–22.
Babuselvam M, Kathiresan K, Ravikumar S, Uthiraselvam M, Rajabudeen E. Scientific evaluation of aqueous extracts of fresh and dried leaves from Rhizophora mucronata lamk (Rhizophoracea) in Rats. African J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012; 6(11): 814–817.
Abidin NAZ, Halim NHA, Me R. Basic study of chemical constituents in Rhizophora species. In: The Open Conference Proceedings J. 2013; 4 (Suppl-2, M7) 27-28. Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, Ka. Malaysia.
Gurudeeban S, Kaliamurthi S, Thirugnanasamb R. Positive regulation of Rhizophora mucronata Poir extracts on blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats. [Online] 2016; 2(2:10): 2-8. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52238046
Bulan DE, Nurfadilah N, Syahrir MR, Mismawati A, Torambung AK, Rachmawati M. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from three Rhizophora 21.species from Bontang Waters, Indonesia. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(8): 1178-1182
Kumari CS, Yasmin N, Hussain MR, Babuselvam M. Invitro anti-inflammatory and anti-artheritic property of Rhizopora mucronata leaves. Int J Pharma Sci Res. 2015; 6(3): 482–485.
Zou Y, Lu Y, Wei D. Antioxidant activity of a flavonoid-rich extract of Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2004; 52(16): 5032–5039.
Arbiastutie Y, Diba F, Masriani M. Cytotoxicity Activity of Several Medicinal Plants Grow in Mangrove Forest against Human’s Cervical (HELA), Breast (T47D), and Colorectal (WiDr) Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2022; 12(2): 46–50.
Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J sci technol. 2004; 26(2): 211–219.
Muharni M, Ferlinahayati F, Yohandini H. Antioxidant, antibacterial, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of sungkai leaves (Paronema canescens). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(3): 528–533.
Bandaranayake WM. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of Mangrove Plants. Wetl Ecol Manag. 2002; 10: 421–452.
Sahidin I, Nohong N, Manggau MA, Arfan A, Wahyuni W, Meylani I, et al. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of ethylacetate extract of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stems: In vitro and in silico studies with bibliometric analysis. Indones J Sci Technol. 2023; 8(2): 217-242. IJOST Sept 2023. DOI - 1017509/ijost.v8i254822 [Internet].
Suganthy N, Devi KP. In vitro antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of Rhizophora mucronata. Pharm Biol. 2016; 54(1): 118–129.
Rumengan A, Mandiangan E, Tanod W, Paransa DS, Paruntu C, Mantiri D. Identification of pigment profiles and antioxidant activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves origin Lembeh, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers. 2021; 22(7): 2805-2816. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220730.
Liem S, Yuliet Y, Khumaidi A. Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Glibenklamid Dan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthumwight.) Terhadap Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan. J Farm Galen. 2015; 1(1): 42–47.
Tran N, Bao P, Le L. Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Biology (Basel). 2020; 9:252 : 1-31.
Shehadeh MB, Gary S, Abu-Odeh AM. Plants secondary metabolites as blood glucose-lowering molecules. Molec. 2021; 26(14): 4333. doi: 10.3390/molecules26144333
Mu'nisa A, Rosi KA. Effect of Giving Mangrove Fruit Extract (Rhizopora mucronata) on Reducing Blood Sugar Levels in Mice (Mus musculus ). 2017; 34–38.
Hardoko H, Suprayitno E, Puspitasari Y. Study of ripe Rhizophora mucronata fruit flour as functional food for antidiabetic. Int Food Res J. 2015; 22: 953–959.
Patel D, Kumar R, Laloo DD, Hemalatha S. Natural medicines from plant source used for therapy of diabetes mellitus: An overview of its pharmacological aspects. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis. 2012; 2: 239–250.
Widowati W. Potential of antioxidants as antidiabetics. Kedokt Maranatha. 2008; 7(2): 192–202.
Ario R, Tachibana S. Preliminary studies of Indonesian eugenia polyantha leaf extracts as inhibitors of key enzymes for Type 2 diabetes. J Med Sci. 2013; 13: 103–110.
Eldeen IMS, Effendy MAW. Antimicrobial agents from mangrove plants and their endophytes. 872-882. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29842729
Usman, Masruhim MA, F, Erika, Nurdin M, Kuncoro H. Antidiabetic activity of leaf extract from three types of mangrove originating from Sambera coastal region Indonesia. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(4): 1707–1712.