Antispasmodic and Relaxant Effects of Thymus algeriensis Dichloromethane fraction on Intestinal Smooth Muscle Motility of Wistar rats http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i10.30
Main Article Content
Abstract
Digestive disorders are common reasons for medical consultations, making natural remedies based on medicinal plants increasingly popular. This study explored the potential benefits of Thymus algeriensis on the motility of the smooth intestinal muscle to address digestive tract disorders. The study focused on an in vitro test using the rat jejunum to evaluate the antispasmodic and relaxant effects of its dichloromethane fraction. The results showed that the dichloromethane fraction caused a significant relaxing effect on spontaneous contraction and an antispasmodic effect on rat jejunum precontracted with carbachol or KCl in a dose-response manner (p ˂ 0.001). The inhibitory activity demonstrated was comparable to those produced by a non-competitive antagonist of voltage-dependent Calcium channel and cholinergic receptors. These findings highlight the potential of Thymus algeriensis dichloromethane fraction to address digestive disorders.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Stahl-Biskup, E Sáez, F. Thyme: the genus Thymus, (3rd ed.). 2002, CRC Press.
Lahlou RA, Samba N, Soeiro P, Alves G, Gonçalves AC, Silva LR, Silvestre S, Rodilla J, Ismael MI. Thymus hirtus Willd. ssp. algeriensis Boiss. and Reut: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactivities, and Health-Enhancing Effects. Foods. 2022; 11(20): 3195.
Morales R, The history, botany and taxonomy of the genus Thymus. Thyme: the genus Thymus. 2002; 1: 1–43.
Fennane M, M. Ibn tattou. Flore vasculaire du Maroc. Inventaire et chorologie. Trav. Inst. Sci. 2005; Rabat, série botanique.
Bellakhdar J, Claisse R, Fleurentin J, Younos C. Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 35(2): 123–143.
Abouri M, El Mousadik A, Msanda F, Boubaker H, Saadi B, Cherifi K. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the Tata Province, Morocco. Int J Med Plants Res. 2012; 1(7): 99–123.
Fakchich J, Elachouri M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people in Oriental Morocco to manage various ailments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014; 154: 76-87.
Ben Akka F, Salhi S, Benkhnigue O, Dahmani J, Douira A, Zidane L. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in 8.the region of middle oum Rbia (Morocco). Plant Arch. 2019; 19(2): 2005–2017.
Hayat J, Mustapha A, Abdelmajid M, Mourad B, Ali S, Said E, Saadia B. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants growing in the region of" Oulad Daoud Zkhanine"(Nador province), in Northeastern Morocco Ethnobot Res Appl. 2020; 19: 1–12.
El Yaagoubi M, Mechqoq H, El Hamdaoui A, Jrv Mukku V, El Mousadik A, Msanda F, El Aouad NA. Review on Moroccan Thymus species: Traditional uses, essential oils chemical composition and biological effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021; 278: 114205.
Righi N, Deghima A, Ismail D, Fernandes PAR, Baali F, Boumerfeg S, Baghiani A, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Chemical composition and in vivo/in silico anti-inflammatory activity of an antioxidant, non-toxic essential oil from Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. South Afr J Bot. 2023; 157: 64-74.
Souiy Z, Al-Shaikh TM, Alghamdi OA, Krifi B. Optimization of extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut essential oil. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2023; 47: 102593.
Beyi L, Zrouri H, Makrane H, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Bnouham M, Aziz M. Relaxant and Antispasmodic Activities of Aqueous Extract from Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut. J Nat Remedies. 2021; 21(2): 2320-3358.
Beyi L, Aziz M, Makrane H, Karim A, Bnouham M, Ziyyat A. Antidiarrheal activity of Thymus algeriensis boiss and reut aqueous extract on rats and mice. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015; 7(3): 292-294.
NRC (National Research Council's). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, Eight Edition, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academeis Press, Washighnton, United States of America. 2011.
Karim A, Zrouri H, Amrani S, Bnouham M, Ziyyat A, Aziz M. Antimotility effect of organic extracts of Anthemis mauritiana maire & sennen flowers on the rodent isolated jejunum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015; 8(2): 154-158.
Makrane H, Aziz M, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Bnouham M, Legssyer A, Gressier B, Eto B. Antispasmodic and Myorelaxant Activity of Organic Fractions from Origanum majorana L. on Intestinal Smooth Muscle of Rodents. European J Med Plants. 2018; 23(2): 1-11.
Aziz M, Karim A, El-Ouariachi E.M, Bouyanzer A, Amrani S, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Melhaoui A, Bnouham M, Legssyer A. Relaxant effect of essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. on rodent jejunum contractions. Sci Pharm. 2012; 80(2): 457–467.
Marghich M, Amrani O, Karim A, Harit T, Beyi L, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M, Aziz M. Myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L., and the molecular docking of its major constituents with the muscarinic receptor and the L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channel. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023; 311: 116456.
Ybañez-Julca R.O, Pino-Ríos R, Quispe-Díaz IM, Asunción-Alvarez D, Acuña-Tarrillo EE, Mantilla-Rodríguez E, Minchan-Herrera P, Catalán MA, Zevallos-Escobar L, Vásquez-Corales E. Antispasmodic Effect of Valeriana pilosa Root Essential Oil and Potential Mechanisms of Action: Ex Vivo and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15: 2072.
Marghich M, Amrani O, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Bnouham M, Aziz M. Myorelaxant and antispasmodic effect of an aqueous extract of Artemisia campestris L. via calcium channel blocking and anticholinergic pathways. J Smooth Muscle Res. 2021; 57(0): 35-48.
Saqib F, Ahmed MG, Janbaz KH, Dewanjee S, Jaafar HZE, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Validation of ethnopharmacological uses of Murraya paniculata in disorders of diarrhea, asthma and hypertension. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15: 319.
Dai Y, Liu JX, Li JX, Xu YF. Effect of Pinaverium bromide on stress-induced colonic smooth muscle contractility disorder in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2003; 9(3): 557.
Takeuchi T, Nakajima H. Hata F, Azuma YT. A minor role for Ca2+sensitization in sustained contraction through activation of muscarinic receptor in circular muscle of rat distal colon. Pflugers Arch. 2007; 454(4): 565-574.
BoltonT. Mechanisms of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. Physiological reviews. 1979; 59(3): 606-718.
Karaki H, Weiss GB. Calcium release in smooth muscle. Life sci. 1988; 42: 111-122.
Godfraind T, Miller R, Wibo M. Calcium antagonism and calcium entry blockade. Pharmacol Rev. 1986; 38(4): 321–416.
Marghich M, Amrani O, Makrane H, Aziz M. Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Extract of Artemisia campestris L. subsp. Glutinosa. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 8(2): 20-39.
Cortés AR, Delgadillo AJ, Hurtado M, Domínguez-Ramírez AM, Medina JR, Aoki K. The antispasmodic activity of Buddleja scordioides and Buddleja perfoliata on isolated intestinal preparations. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006; 29(6): 1186-1190.
Sy GY, Sarr A, Dièye AM Faye B. Myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects of the aqueous extract of Mitragyna inermis barks on Wistar rat ileum. Fitoterapia. 2004; 75: 447-450.
Goyal RK. VI. Identification, localization, and classification of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the gut. Life sci, 1988; 43: 2209-2220.
Elorriaga M, Anselmi E, Hernandez JM, D'ocon P. Ivorra D. The sources of Ca2+ for muscarinic receptor‐induced contraction in the rat ileum. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996; 48(8): 817-819.
Ehlert FJ, Thomas EA, Gerstin EH, Griffin MT. Muscarinic Receptors and Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle. In R.M. Eglen (Ed.). Boca Raton, New York. 1987: 87p-147p.
Câmara CC, Nascimento NRF, Macêdo-Filho CL, Almeida FBS, Fonteles MC. Antispasmodic Effect of the Essential Oil of Plectranthus barbatus and some Major Constituents on the Guinea-Pig Ileum. Planta Med. 2003; 69: 1080–1085.
N'Guessan BB, Dosso K, Gnangoran BN, Amoateng P, Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Yapo AP. Antibacterial and antispasmodic activities of a dichloromethane fraction of an ethanol extract of stem bark of Piliostigma reticulatum. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015; 7(2): 128–135.
Emendörfer F, Emendörfer F, Bellato F, Noldin VF, Cechinel-Filho V, Yunes RA, Delle Monache F, Cardozo AM. Antispasmodic activity of fractions and cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on guinea-pig ileum. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005; 28(5): 902-904.
Cechinel-Filho V, Zampirolo JA, Stulzer HK, Schlemper V. Antispasmodic effects of Persea cordata bark fractions on guinea pig ileum. Fitoterapia. 2007; 78(2): 125–128.
Sylvester CO, Louis UA, Christian EO, Leo CC, Henry UM. Concomitant Administration of Catharanthus roseus Extract Improves Efficacy and Safety by Nullifying Diarrhea-Related Toxicity of Acarbose and Metformin in Wistar Rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(9): 649-652.
Ikechukwu EP, Chiamaka MA, Uchenna GS, Njideka IA, Ifeyinwa CA, Felix KA, Ogechukwu NI, Collins UA, Akachukwu MO. Pharmacological Actions of Methanol Leaf Extract of Combretum paniculatum Vent. (Combretaceae) on the Gastrointestinal System. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(7): 270-250..