In Vitro Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity, Antioxidant Activity and HPLC Analysis of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) Methanol Extracts doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i12.23
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Abstract
The upsurge in the use of local herbs in the management of diabetes mellitus everywhere in the world is as a result of its year-by-year global alarming and mortality rate. Eichhornia crassipes(water hyacinth) is the world’s worst and most prevalent invasive aquatic weed found in the tropical and subtropical parts, but with a traditional claim in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study was therefore designed to determine the in-vitro antioxidant capacity, α-amylase inhibitory activity, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of methanol extracts of E. crassipes. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of E. crassipes methanol extracts was investigated using various concentrations (0.3125–5.0 mg/mL) of the extracts; antioxidant assays- reducing power activity and DPPH (2,2-Dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity were also determined using the spectrophotometry method. The HPLC technique was used in accordance with the standard procedure. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, and cardiac glycosides in all plant extracts. According to the quantitative HPLC analysis, the stem extract (111.0649 ppm) has the highest phenolic, alkaloid and, flavonoid content followed by leaf (70.5957 ppm) and root (58.0538ppm) extracts. Leaf extracts of E. crassipes had the lowest IC50 (0.35 mg/ml) showing the strongest inhibitory activity of α-amylase. The highest reducing power and the lowest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 =131 mg/mL) were found in the root extracts, indicating that the root extract have the strongest antioxidant activity. Hence, it is possible that the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of E. crassipes are due to their phenolic components.
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