Evaluation of In vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of the Methanol Root Bark Extract and Fractions of Bombax costatum (Bombacacea) in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.18
Main Article Content
Abstract
Malarial infection is a disease that has defied many therapeutic and chemopreventive interventions due to persistent resistance to currently available drugs. This has led to the need to search for new Antiplasmodial drugs which are highly effective, less toxic and cost effective. This study is aimed at the determination of the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Bombax costatum in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening and Oral acute toxicity studies were carried out using standard protocols. Antiplasmodial activity of the methanol extract was investigated using 4-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests, while the fractions were evaluated using the curative test only. The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract and fractions of Bombax costatum revealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloid, saponin and steroid. The oral median lethal dose was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The methanol extract at all tested doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) produced a significant (p <0.05) dose dependent reduction in parasitaemia levels in the curative and 4-day suppressive tests compared to the standard drug (chloroquine, 5 mg/kg). However, there was no significant inhibition in the prophylactic test. The chloroform and n-butanol fractions at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitaemia levels compared to the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions in the curative test. This study provides evidence supporting the traditional use of Bombax costatum in the treatment of malaria.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Olanlokun JO, Bolaji OM, Agbedahunsi JM, Olorunsogo OO. Therapeutic effects of various solvent fractions of Alstonia boonei (apocynaceae) stem bark on Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria. A. J Med Med Sci. 2012; 41:27–33.
Nagendrappa PB, Annamalai P, Naik M, Mahajan V, Mathur A, Susanta G, Gay F, Venkatasubramanian P. A prospective comparative field study to evaluate the efficacy of a traditional plant-based malaria prophylaxis. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 6:36-41.
Schmidt TJ, Khalid SA, Romanha AJ, Alves TMa, Biavatti MW, Brun R., Da Costa FB, De Castro SL, Ferreira VF, De Lacerda MVG, Lago JHG, Leon LL, Lopes NP, Das Neves Amorim RC, Niehues M, Ogungbe IV, Pohlit AM, Scotti, MT, Setzer WN, De M, Soeiro NC, Steindel M, Tempone AG. The potential of secondary metabolites from plants as drugs or leads against protozoan neglected diseases - Part II.” Curr Med Chem. 2012;
(14):2176-2228.
Boris DB, Fidele N, Pascal AO, Lydia LL, Wolfgang S, Karin F, Luc COO. The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019. Malar J. 2020; 19:183:1-35.
Frederich M, Tits M, Angenot L. Potential antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids,” Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102(1):11-19.
Mahajan SS, Kamath VR, Ghatpande SS. Synergistic antimalarial activity of ketones with rufigallol and vitamin C.” J Parasitol. 2005; 131(4):459-466.
Ntie-Kang F, Onguéné PA, Lifongo LL, Ndom JC, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants, part II: A pharmacological evaluation of non-alkaloids and nonterpenoids,” Malar J. 2014; 13(1):13-81.
Burkil HM. Brief descriptions and details of the uses of over 4,000 plants. Royal Botanic Gardens; Kew. London; UK. 1985–2004.
Oyen LPA. Bombax costatum pellegr. and vuillet (internet) Record form PROTA4U. Bank, M. and Achigan-Dako, E. G (Editors) PROTA (Plant Resources of tropical Africa/Resources vegetales de 1’ Afrique tropicale) Wageningen Netherland [online].2011[cited 2018 March 26] Available
from http//www.prota4u.org/search.asp>.
Apinega LA, Dlama S, Ladan Z, Inusa BK, Adejoke SA, Dauda G, Musa AM. Isolation and Characterisation of Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol from Bombax costatum pv (Bombacacea). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2018; 2(6):290-292.
Silva GO, Abeysundara AT, Aponso MM. Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. Afr J Essent Oils Nat Prod. 2017; 5(2):29-32.
Lorke DA. New Approach to Practical Acute Toxicity Testing, Arch Toxicol. 1983; 54:275-289.
Peters W. Drug resistance in Plasmodium berghei. Vinka and Lips. Exp Parasitol. 1965; 17:80-89.
Tona L, Mesia K, Ngimbi NP, Chrimwami B, Okond’Ahoka CK, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Hermans N, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlientick AJ. In-vivo amtimalarial activity of Cassia accidentalis, Morinda morindoides and Phyllanthus niruri. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001; 95(1):47-57.
Ryley JF and Peters W. The antimalarial activity of some quinoline esters. Am J Trop Med Parasitol. 1970; 84:209-211.
Atawodi SE, Ogunbusula FC, Muhammed A. ReagentBased Chemical Analysis and Anti-trypanosomal effect of Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of different parts of Bombax costatum. J Appl Biol Sci. 2012; 38(2):105-112.
Umar H, Umar IA. and Ibrahim A. Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Anti Plasmodia Activity of Chrozophora Senegalensis Extracts on Plasmodium falciparum. Nig J Chem Res. 2017; 22(2):61-71.
Lehane AM and Saliba KJ. Common dietary flavonoids inhibit the growth of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite. BMC Res Notes. 2008; 1(1):26.
Ebiloma GU, Igoli JO, Katsoulis E, Donachie AM, Eze A, Gray AI, De koning, HP. Bioassay-guided isolation of active principles from Nigerian medicinal plants identifies new trypanocides with low toxicity and no cross-resistance to diamidines and arsenicals. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;
:256–264.
Waako PJ, Gumede B, Smith P, Folb PI. The in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. and Momordica foetida Schumch. Et Thonn. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 99:137-143.
Vinke IH and Lips M. Un nouveau plasmodium d’un rongeursauvage du Congo, plasmodium berghei n sp. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1948; 28:97-104.
Builders MI, Uguru MO, Aguiyi C. Antiplasmodial Potential of the African Mistletoe: Agelanthus dodoneifolius Polh and Wiens. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012; 74:223-229.
Tchatat TMB, Jiatsa MCD, Yamthe TLR, Tsouh FPV, Tsakem NJM, Keumoe R, Mfopa AN, Bakarnga-Via I, Kamkumo RG, Boyom FK. In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei. J Parasitol Res. 2020; 4580526:1-9.
Deharo E, Bourdy G, Quenevo C, Muñoz V, Ruiz, G, Sauvain MA. Search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach. Part V. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Tacana. Indian J Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 77(1):91–98.