Phytochemistry and Antitrypanosomal Effects of Acacia nilotica, Tamarindus indica and Terminalia avicennioides Using Drug Incubation Infectivity Test http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i9.33
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Abstract
Trypanosomiasis remains a major constraint to the development of the livestock sector in subSaharan Africa with the negative economic impact extending into South America and Asia. The increasing resistance to the available trypanocidal drugs necessitates the need for the discovery of newer and more efficient drug. Therefore, the aim is to screen three important Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants for antitrypanosomal potential. Fifty microliter of 20, 10 and 0.1 µg/µL each of the crude methanol extract of Acacia nilotica, Terminalia avicennioides and Tamarindus indica, and diminazene aceturate was mixed with 50 µL of Trypanosome congolense-laden
blood (TC-LB) (8.6×107 cells per mL of blood) and incubated at 25°C for 5 h. Similarly, wells with 2% tween 80 and TC-LB only served as negative and untreated controls, respectively. The experiment was carried out in triplicate. The contents of each well were inoculated into mice at score 0 and at the end of the experiment for concentrations that did not produce score 0. Phytochemical constituents of each extract were detected by thin-layer chromatography. T. avicennioides and A. nilotica reached score 0 within 3 and 5 h, respectively, and did not produce infection in the inoculated mice. However, T. indica produced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in
parasite motility at the highest concentration compared to negative control. Alkaloids, phenols, steroids and triterpenes were detected in the three plants. Additionally, T. avicennioides also contained anthraquinones. Thus, the plants, particularly T. avicennioides and A. nilotica offer prospects for the discovery of new antitrypanosomal drugs.
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