Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Ocimum basilicum L. Collected in Dak Lak, Vietnam http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i9.27
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Abstract
Ocimum basilicum Linn (Lamiaceae), also known as sweet Basil, is a widely recognized medicinal plant. Although this species has been extensively researched on its biological activities and chemical composition in some Provinces of Vietnam, however, studies on the
chemical composition and biological properties of this species growing in Dak Lak Province have not been investigated to date. The chemical composition of the essential oil from O. basilicum, collected in Vietnam, was analyzed using the gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The essential oil content yielded 0.55%, with 34 compounds being determined. Among them, the major constituents (%) were as follows: estragole (73.66%), eucalypto (6.41%), trans-α-bergamotene (3.97%), linalool (2.25%), fenchol (1.64%), 2- isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene- bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-ene (1.47%), 1,3,6-octatriene,3,7- dimethyl-(Z) (1.36%), (+)-2-bornanone (1.34%), and methyl eugenol (1.11%). Furthermore, an antibacterial test on O. basilicum essential oil was conducted, and the results demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 18.6 ± 0.9 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (4.3 ± 0.2 mg/mL). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of Basil essential oil was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antioxidant efficiency of essential oil was determined with an IC50 of 6.5 ± 0.3 μg/mL, compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with an IC50 value of 6.1 ± 0.1 μg/mL. These findings indicate that O. basilicum grown in Vietnam possesses a high natural potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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