The Toxic Impact of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Extracellularly by Aspergillus flavus on Breast Cancer Cells (MDA-MB-231), as Well as Their Antibacterial Activity http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i9.14
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Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with unique properties and diverse uses from antimicrobials to drug carriers, have gained prominence. This study examined the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties of biogenic AgNPs produced from the filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. AgNPs (0–200 μg/mL) were assessed against fibroblasts and breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231). AgNPs were antiproliferative to MDA-MB-231 cells at 6 μg/mL and above but cytotoxic to fibroblasts at 12 µg/mL and beyond. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated to the marginally effective concentration of AgNPs, 3 μg/mL, in order to evaluate gene regulation. However, there was a significant downregulation of cyclin D1 and BCL-2. Nevertheless, MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 3 μg/mL AgNPs exhibited a significant increase in the pro-apoptotic caspase 3 genotype. After MDA-MB-231 cells were subjected to 3 µg/mL AgNPs, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly downregulated. At 3 μg/mL, AgNPs raised TNF-α, an antiinflammatory cytokine. AgNPs exhibited substantial antibacterial efficacy against all examined bacterial strains through the implementation of the disc diffusion methodology. However, the MIC data for AgNPs' antibacterial activity showed that Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus were the highest influenced stains, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 6.38 μg/mL, whereas Escherichia coli
ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli ATCC 10145 had MIC value of 19.15 μg/mL. In conclusion, AgNPs from A. flavus have potential antibacterial effects against various pathogens and showed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, indicating wide-ranging biological relevance.
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