In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i8.35
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Abstract
The Olax subscorpioidea (Oliv) plant belongs to the Olacaceae family. It is a local remedy used in Nigeria to treat a wide range of conditions, including cancer. This study examined the Olax subscorpioidea fractions and ethanol leaf extract for phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity. Using the accepted methods, total tannin (TTC), total flavonoid (TFC), and total phenolic (TPC) were assessed. The antioxidant activities were determined through the DPPH, ABTS, and OH methods. The lethality assay for brine shrimp was used to determine the cytotoxic activity. The ethyl acetate fraction (OSEA) had the highest yields of phenolic (148.7 ± 2.41 mg GAE), flavonoid (145.5 ± 9.49 mg/QUE), tannin (35.8 ± 2.15 mg GAE) and total antioxidant capacity (94.7 ± 1.47 mg GAE) as well as the lowest IC50 values for DPPH (0.315 ± 0.004 mg/ml), ABTS (0.329 ± 0.0195 mg/ml), and hydroxyl (5.910 ± 0.0244 mg/ml). The high concentration of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of Olax subscorpioidea suggests its high scavenging potential compared with other fractions. All the fractions and ethanol extract of Olax subscorpioidea were cytotoxic to the brine shrimp at LC50 values less than 200 µg/ml. However, the hexane fraction is more cytotoxic at LC50 value of 39.254 µg/ml. The cytotoxic activity of
Olax subscorpioidea is associated with the presence of secondary compounds such as phenolic compounds, tannin, and other compounds present in the plant.
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