Phenolic Profiling with Antioxidant Activity of Thai Traditional Medicines: Phikud Bencha Thien, Kot and Keson Remedies http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i8.23
Main Article Content
Abstract
Phikud Bencha Thien (BT), Phikud Bencha Kot (BK), and Phikud Bencha Keson (BKS) are three of the most well-known compositions in Thai traditional medicine and are included in a wide range of Thai polyherbal formulas. Each individual formulation has potential as a rich source of natural antioxidants, especially polyphenolic compounds. The present study determined the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of water and methanol extracts of these three remedies as well as identifying the phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds present in these remedies using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS reduction assays, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used to classify relationships between the extract contents and antioxidant activity. Methanol extracts had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activities in each assay varied between methanol and water extracts. The BKS extract exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant activity than the BT and BK extracts in all antioxidant models. Caffeic acid was found in high amounts in BT and BK extracts, whereas gallic acid was found as
the major constituent of BKS extract. Multivariate analysis revealed that methanol and water extracts of BKS displayed the highest antioxidant capacities and had the highest phytochemical contents.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Chokevivat V, Chuthaputti A. The role of Thai traditional medicine in health promotion. 6GCHP Bangkok Thailand. 2005; 7-11. Princeton, NJ, USA: Citeseer.
Gerdprasert O, Choomchuay N, Chantong B, Sutanthavibul N, Meksuriyen D, Nusuetrong P. Phikud navakot modulates the level of pro-inflammatory mediators and the protein expression of SOD1 and 2 and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Evid based Compl Altern Med. eCAM, 2019; 4823645. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4823645.
Kengkoom K, Ampawong S. In vitro protective effect of phikud navakot extraction on erythrocyte. Evid-based Complement Altern Med. 2016; Article ID 1961327:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1961327
Tirawanchai N, Supapornhemin S, Somkasetrin A, Suktitipat B, Ampawong S. Regulatory effect of phikud navakot extract on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-R: potential and alternate agents for lowering blood cholesterol. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2018; 18(1):1-8.
Ngozi P Okolie, Falodun A and Oluseyi Davids. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and its potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afri J Trad Complem and Altern Med 2014; 11(3):221-227.
Egharevba E, Chukwuemeke-Nwani P, Eboh U, Okoye E, Bolanle IO, Oseghale IO, Imieje VO, Erharuyi O, Falodun A. Antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of the leaf extracts of Stachytarphyta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2019; 3(5):170-174.
Um M, Shin GJ, Lee JW. Extraction of total phenolic compounds from yellow poplar hydrolysate and evaluation of their antioxidant activities. Ind. Crops Prod. 2017; 97:574-581.
Čopra-Janićijević A, Čulum D, Vidic D, Tahirović A, Klepo L, Bašić N. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the endemic crataegus microphylla koch subsp. malyana KI Chr. & Janjić from Bosnia. Ind. Crops Prod. 2018; 113:75-79.
Siriparu P, Panyatip P, Pota T, Ratha J, Yongram C, Srisongkram T, Sungthong B, Puthongking P (2022). Effect of germination and illumination on melatonin and its metabolites, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in mung bean sprouts. Plants 2022, 11(21): 2990.
Arabshahi-Delouee S, Urooj A. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chem. 2007; 102(4):1233-1240.
Shalaby EA, Shanab SM. Comparison of DPPH and ABTS assays for determining antioxidant potential of water and methanol extracts of Spirulina platensis. Indian J Mar Sci. 2013; 42(5):556-564.
Iqbal S, Younas U, Chan KW, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ismail M. Chemical composition of Artemisia annua L. leaves and antioxidant potential of extracts as a function of extraction solvents. Molecules 2012; 17(5):6020-6032.
Dávalos,A, Gómez-Cordovés C, Bartolomé B. Extending applicability of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC− fluorescein) assay. J Agric Food Chem. 2004; 52(1):48-54.
Surveswaran S, Cai YZ, Corke H, Sun M. Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from 133 Indian medicinal plants. Food Chem. 2007; 102(3):938-953.
Hussein EA, Thron C, Ghaziasgar M, Vaccari M, Marnewick JL, Hussein AA (2021). Comparison of phenolic content and antioxidant activity for fermented and unfermented Rooibossamples extracted with water and methanol. Plants 2021, 11(1):16.
Marino T, Galano A, Russo N. Radical scavenging ability of gallic acid toward OH and OOH radicals. Reaction mechanism and rate constants from the density functional theory. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2014; 118(35):10380-10389.
Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant effects of protocatechuic acid and protocatechuic aldehyde: old wine in a new bottle. Evid based Compl Altern Med. eCAM, 2021; 6139308. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2021/6139308
Youwei Z, Jinlian Z, Yonghong P. A comparative study on the free radical scavenging activities of some fresh flowers in southern China. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2008; 41(9):1586-1591.
Kaiser HF. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and psychological measurement. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 1960; 20(1):141-151.