Phytochemical and Screening of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Five Litsea Plants from East Borneo, Indonesia http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i8.15
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Abstract
The Lauraceae genus Litsea includes many tree species with pharmacological capabilities, including anti-diabetic benefits. Five Litsea plant species were tested for their anti-diabetic activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study evaluated phytochemical composition, phenolic and flavonoid levels, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor activity of Litsea elliptica, Litsea ferruginea, Litsea firma, Litsea garciae, and Litsea sp. Phytochemical screening was performed using specific reagents in reaction tubes, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry evaluate extract phenolic and flavonoid levels. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor activities were determined spectrophotometrically, with acarbose utilized as a positive control. All extracts had rich phytochemical profiles, as evidence by the occurence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and steroid/triterpenoid, according to the findings. L. firma extract was found to have the greatest phenolic levels, measuring 31.96 ± 1.2 g GAE/100 g, as determined by the FolinCiocalteu technique. Additionally, the Litsea sp. extract exhibited the highest content of flavonoid compounds, measuring 1.88 ± 0.04 g QE/100 g. Furthermore, the L. firma extract showed the strongest inhibition activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the other four Litsea species, with IC50 values of 52.1 ± 1.01 and 55.21 ± 1.46 µg/mL, respectively. These findings establish a positive association between the concentration of phenolic compounds and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In conclusion, these study highlights the potential by Litsea genus plants as an alternative source of biologically active compounds with antidiabetic
properties. The observed noteworthy inhibitor activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase implies their potential as viable therapeutic options for the diabetes management.
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