Antibacterial Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Xylopia aethiopica and Metabolites Profiling of Penicillium sp. XAFac2 and Aspergillus sp. XAFac4 by GC-MS http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.37
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Endophytes exist without harming the tissue of plants. They manufacture a lot of chemicals for use in pharmaceuticals. Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. is a member Annonaceae family, an indigenous medicinal plant in Nigeria. The variety and antibacterial properties of the fungal endophytes that inhabit its fruit are poorly understood. The isolation, molecular description, phylogenetic analysis, and antibacterial effectiveness of its fungal endophytes were thus the main objectives of this study. Standard methods were used to isolate the endophytes, and partial sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA was used to identify them before phylogenetic analysis. Using version X of the Molecular Evolutionary and Genetic Analysis (MEGA) tool, the phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbour-joining method. The tree was further annotated using the interactive tree of life (iTOL) version 6.0. The antibacterial activity of the fungal endophytes was studied using both perpendicular streaking and agar well diffusion assays. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) assay was used to identify some of the chemicals in the extracts. A total of 4 fungal endophytes were recovered. They were identified as Scopulariopsis sp. XAFac1, Penicillium sp. XAFac2, Aspergillus sp. XAFac3 and Aspergillus sp. XAFac4. Only Penicillium sp. XAFac2 and Aspergillus sp. XAFac4 exhibited good antibacterial activity. The most prominent compounds obtained from their extracts included 9-octadecanoic acid, methyltetradecanoate, dodecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 5-tetradecene, 5-octadecene, trichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetoxyhexadecane. These results provided important knowledge on the diversity of endophytic fungi inhabiting X. aethiopica fruit and could be exploited as a novel source of
bioactive compounds.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Salmeron-Manzano E, Garrido-Cardenas J, ManzanoAguglioaro. Worldwide research trend in medicinal plants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3376.
Calixto JB. The role of natural products in modern drug discovery. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2019; 91(3):29. http://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920190105.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Antibiotic Resistance. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance (accessed January 13,
.
Alam B, Li J, Ge Q, Khan MA, Gong JW, Mehmood S, Yuan Y, Wankui G. Endophytic fungi: From symbiosis to secondary metabolite communication or vice versa? Front.
Plant Sci. 2021; 37(12). http://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.791033.
Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang S, Wang J, Xie L, Ran Y, Hu Y. Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of PlantDerived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022; 8(2):205. doi: 10.3390/jof8020205.
Naranjo-Ortiz MA, Gabaldón T. Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2019; 94(6):2101-2137. doi: 10.1111/brv.12550.
Wu B, Hussain M, Zhang W, Stadler M, Liu X, Xiang M. Current insights into fungal species diversity and perspective on naming the environmental DNA sequences of fungi.
Mycology. 2019; 10(3):127-140. doi:10.1080/21501203.2019.1614106.
Ezeobiora CE, Igbokwe NH, Amin DH, Mendie UE. Endophytic microbes from Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants: a potential source for bioactive secondary
metabolites—a review. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2021; 45:103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00561-79.
Alam B, Li J, Ge Q, Khan MA, Gong J, Mehmood S, Yuán Y, Gong W. Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa? Front
Plant Sci. 2021; 12:791033. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791033.
Sahani K, Thakur D, Hemalatha KPJ, Ganguly A. Antibacterial Activity of endophytes from selected medicinal plants. Int. J. Adv. Res. 2017; 5(3): 2076-2086.
Manganyi MC, Ateba CN. Untapped Potentials of Endophytic Fungi: A Review of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Biological Applications. Microorganisms.
; 8(12):1934. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121934.
Yin X, Chávez LM, Osae R, Linus LO, Qi L-W, Alolga RN. Xylopia aethiopica Seeds from two countries in West Africa exhibit differences in their proteomes, mineral content
and bioactive phytochemical composition. Molecules. 2019; 24(10):1979. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101979
Godam ET, Olaniyan OT, Wofuru CD, Orupabo CD, Ordu KS, Gbaranor BK, Dakoru PD. Xylopia aethiopica ethanol seed extract suppresses Cadmium chloride-induced ovary
and gonadotropins toxicity in adult female Wistar rats. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021;25(2):252-256. doi: 10.5935/1518- 0557.20200091.
Okagu I, Ngwu U, Odenigbo C. Bioactive Constituents of Methanol Extract of Xylopia aethiopica (UDA) Fruits from Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal.
; 5:1-11. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1104230.
Fetse JP, Kofie W, Adosraku RK. Ethnopharmacological Importance of Xylopia aethiopica (dunal) a. Rich (Annonaceae)—A Review. Br J Pharm Res. 2016; 11:1-21.
https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2016/24746
Elvis-Offiah UB, Obayuwana OM, Bafor EE, John AL, Osaigbovo OM, Osakpamwan CA, Uchendu AP, Tafamu GE. Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) seeds enhance male
reproductive functions during ethanol-induced oxidative conditions in adult Wistar rats. West Afr. J. Pharmacol. 2020; 34(1):303-691.
Chris-Ozoko LE, Ekundina V, Winiki C. Histomorphological Effects of Xylopia aethiopica on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Wistar Rats. Scholars acad j
Biosci. 2015; 3:150-154.
Sahu PK, Tilgram J, Mishra S, Hamid S, Gupta A, Jayalakshmi K, Verma SK, Kharwar RN. Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: Ensuring what not
to grow. J Basic Microbiol. 2022; 62(6): 647-668. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202100462.
Raja HA, Miller AN, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Fungal identification using molecular tools: a primer for the natural product research community. J. Nat.Prod. 2017; 80 (3):756-
Bell J. A simple way to treat PCR products prior to sequencing using ExoSAP-IT. Biotechniques. 2008; 44(6):834. doi: 10.2144/000112890.
Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, Bhat JD, Mortimer PE, Xu J, Promputtha I, Doilom M, Yang JB, Tang AMC, Karunarathna SC. Identification of endophytic fungi from
leaves of Pandanaceae based on their morphotypes and DNA sequence data from southern Thailand. MycoKeys. 2018; 33:25-67. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.33.23670.
Ivica L, Peer B. Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation, Nucleic Acids Res. 2021; 49(W1):W293–
W296. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab301
Singh V, Haque S, Singh H, Verma J, Vibha K, Singg R, Jawed A and Tripathi CKM. Isolation, screening and identification of novel isolates of actinomycetes from India
for antimicrobial application. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7:1921. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01921.
Sharma D, Pramanik A, Agrawal PK. Evaluation of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta BAB-5510 isolated from leaves of Cupressus
torulosa. 3 Biotech. 2016; 6(2):210. doi: 10.1007/s13205- 016-0518-3.
Charria-Giron E, Espinosa MC, Zapata-Montoya A, Mendez MJ, Caicedo JP, Davalos AF, Ferro BE, Vasco-Palacios AM, Caicedo NH. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of crude
extracts obtained from cultivation of native endophytic fungi belonging to a tropical Montane Rainforest in Colombia. Front. Microbiol. 2021; 12:716523. doi:
3389/fmicb.2021.716523.
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal. 2016; 6(2):71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005.
Surachai T, Chariya J, Khemjira J, Thisakorn D, Warachate K. Chemical evaluation and antibacterial activity of novel bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi in Nelumbo
nucifera, Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2020; 27(11):2883-2889, ISSN 1319-562X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.037.
Bustamante-Pesantes KE, Miranda-Martínez M, GutiérrezGaitén YI, Guaranda IA, Pesantes-Dominguez O, Fernández MC. Chemical Composition, Acute Oral Toxicity and
Analgesic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Miq (Sapotaceae): http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.3. Trop. J. Nat.
Prod. Res. 2023; 7(4): 2688–2695.
Fadiji AE, Babalola OO. Elucidating Mechanisms of Endophytes Used in Plant Protection and Other Bioactivities with Multifunctional Prospects. Front. Bioeng.
Biotechnol. 2020; 8:467. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00467
Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Pharmacological Potential of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Medicinal Plants: A Review. J. Fungi. 2021; 7(2):147.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7020147
Kalyanasundaram I, Nagamuthu J, Muthukumaraswamy S. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated and identified from salt marsh plant in Vellar Estuary. J
Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015; 7(2):13-20.
Toghueo RMK, Boyom FF. Endophytic Penicillium species and their agricultural, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications. 3 Biotech. 2020; 10(3):107.
doi:10.1007/s13205-020-2081-1
Somwanshi PM, Bodhankar MG. Antimicrobial activity of Penicillium sp. and Fusarium moniliforme against MDR human pathogens. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sc. 2015;
(5):358-361.
Hafiza F, Faizah U, Nida S, Sidra FH, Muhammad SA, Syed EH. Evaluation of antibacterial potential of endophytic fungi and GC-MS profiling of metabolites from Talaromyces
trachyspermus. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2022; 150:240-247.
Hamed MM, Abdelfattah LS, Fahmy NM. Antimicrobial activity of marine actinomycetes and the optimization of culture conditions for the production of antimicrobial agents.
J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 2019; 13(4):2177-2188.