Molecular Characterization of Fungal Rhizosphere Community of Soya Beans (Glycine max (L.) Merril) and Their In Vitro Antagonistic Activity http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.33
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Abstract
Rhizosphere fungal community play a crucial role in the development and productivity of plants. Microscopic fungi have shown considerable promise for root pathogen control, which calls for knowledge of their colonization and distribution in the rhizosphere. Herein, studies on the funga community associated with the soya bean rhizosphere and their in vitro antagonistic activity were studied. Soya bean seeds were planted and soils collected from the rhizospheric region at maturity for fungal isolation. Molecular characterisation verified the isolates' identification based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. DNA were extracted from the fungi and PCR amplification of the ITS gene region were performed. Dual culture technique was used to screen for fungal antagonism. Eighteen fungi comprising of Aspergillus niger , A. fumigatus , A. flavus , A. tamari, A. hortai , A. nidulans, A. arcoverdensis, Rhizopus delemar, Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Blastobotrys proliferans, Talaromyces pinophilus, Neosartorya fischeri, Botrytis cinerea, Mucor micheli, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium solani, andTrichoderma asperellum were isolated from the rhizosphere of soya beans. The most predominant species in the plant rhizosphere was A. niger and the least abundant species was A. fumigatus. T. asperellum exhibited in-vitro antagonistic activity against all the isolates except R. delemar. These inhibitory effects ranged from 7.83 to 83.88% for the isolates tested. Interestingly, B. cinerea was found to be more susceptible to T. asperellum antagonism compared to other isolates tested. Thus, this study suggests that soya bean rhizosphere harbours diverse fungal communities that could be explored for preventing plant infections using biological means.
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