Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, Phytochemical Content, and HPLC Profile of Selected Mangrove Species from Tanjung Api-Api Port Area, South Sumatra, Indonesia http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.29
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The development of bioactive chemicals in response to mangroves self-defense mechanisms and environmental adaptation has led to an improvement in antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity (DPPH method), total phenol, phytochemical content, and HPLC profile of some mangrove species. Samples were taken in the mangrove area around the port of Tanjung Api-Api in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Maceration and extraction of all samples was done using methanol as a solvent. Samples were tested for antioxidant against DPPH free radicals, total phenol with Folin-Ciocalteu method, preliminary phytochemical qualitatives, and and measuring antioxidant compounds with HPLC. Based on the results, the IC50 of antioxidants of all samples revealed that A. marina (171.16 g/mL) (low), B. gymnorrizha (105.09 g/mL) (moderate), and S. alba (28.064 g/mL) (very strong) had antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the phenolic content of A. marina is 9.0258 mg GAE/g, that of B. gymnorrhiza is 13.8222 mg GAE/g, and that of S. alba is 9.4969 mg GAE/g. A phytochemical test of A. marina revealed flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. B. gymnorrizha revealed alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. S. alba revealed flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The HPLC profile of antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid showed that A. marina and S. alba were lower than the standards of 64.224 ppm and 67.640 ppm, while B. gymnorrizha was higher than the standard of 109.510 ppm. All three species of mangroves had potential to inhibit free radical reactions in the low, moderate, and very strong categories.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Chamberland-Fontaine S, Thomas Estrada G, HeckadonMoreno S, and Hickey GM. Enhancing the sustainable management of mangrove forests: The case of Punta Galeta, Panama. Trees, For People. 2022; 8: 100274.
Saputra A, Nugroho RY, Isnaini R, and Rozirwan. A review: The potential of microalgae as a marine food alternative in Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 2021; 25: 1053–1065.
Eswaraiah G, Peele KA, Krupanidhi S, Kumar RB, and Venkateswarulu TC. Studies on phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial analysis and separation of bioactive leads of leaf extract from the selected mangroves. J King Saud Univ - Sci. 2020; 32: 842–847.
Rozirwan, Fauziyah, Nugroho RY, Melki, Ulqodry TZ, Agustriani F, Ningsih EN, Putri WAE, Absori A, and Iqbal M. An ecological assessment of crab’s diversity among habitats of migratory birds at berbak-sembilang national park indonesia. Int J Conserv Sci. 2022; 13: 961–972.
Dahibhate NL, Saddhe AA, and Kumar K. Mangrove Plants as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Nat Prod J. 2018; 9: 86–97.
Liao S, Wang Y, Liu H, Fan G, Sahu SK, Jin T, Chen J, Zhang P, Gram L, Strube ML, et al. Deciphering the Microbial Taxonomy and Functionality of Two Diverse Mangrove Ecosystems and Their Potential Abilities to Produce Bioactive Compounds. mSystems. 2020; 5: 1–19.
Rozirwan, Nugroho RY, Hendri M, Fauziyah, Putri WAE, and Agussalim A. Phytochemical profile and toxicity of extracts from the leaf of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. collected in mangrove areas affected by port activities. South African J Bot. 2022; 150: 903–919.
Sulaiman M, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK,Rajagopal M, Rusdi NA, Seelan JSS, Suleiman M, Zakaria ZA, and Wiart C. Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Plants of Asia and the Pacific. Mar Drugs. 2022; 20: 1–24.
Mitra S, Naskar N, and Chaudhuri P. A review on potential bioactive phytochemicals for novel therapeutic applications with special emphasis on mangrove species. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021; 1: 100107.
Sarker U, and Oba S. Protein, dietary fiber, minerals, antioxidant pigments and phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in selected red morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable. PLoS One. 2019; 14: e0222517.
Acharya S, Patra DK, Pradhan C, and Mohapatra PK. Antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-oxidative properties of different extracts of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. (Mangrove). Eur J Integr Med. 2020; 36: 101140.
Audah KA, Ettin J, Darmadi J, Azizah NN, Anisa AS, Hermawan TDF, Tjampakasari CR, Heryanto R, Ismail IS, and Batubara I. Indonesian Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves Ethanol Extract Is a Potential Super Antioxidant and Anti Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Drug. Molecules. 2022; 27: 8369.
Putri WAE, Purwiyanto AIS, Fauziyah, and Agustriani F. Identification polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Banyuasin river estuary, South Sumatera. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2019; 404: 12038.
Barus BS. Analysis of heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) in water and sediment in the waters of the Banyuasin River Estuary. Maspari J Mar Sci Res. 2017; 9: 69–76.
Raharjo P. The Rate Of Sedimentation Estimation Of Tanjung Api-api Estuary South Sumatera By Using 210pb Profile. Bull Mar Geol. 2016; 25: 31–38.
Chakraborty K, Chakkalakal SJ, Joseph D, Asokan PK, and Vijayan KK. Nutritional and antioxidative attributes of green mussel (Perna viridis L.) from the southwestern coast of India. J Aquat Food Prod Technol. 2016; 25: 968–985.
Almaniar S, Rozirwan, and Herpandi. Abundance and diversity of macrobenthos at Tanjung Api-Api waters, South Sumatra, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 2021; 14: 1486–1497.
Giesen W, Wulffraat S, Zieren M, and Scholten L. Mangrove guidebook for Southeast Asia. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2007.
Hu J, Loh PS, Pradit S, Le TPQ, Oeurng C, Mohamed CAR, Lee CW, Lu X, Anshari GZ, Kandasamy S, et al. Assessing the Effect of Age and Geomorphic Setting on Organic Carbon Accumulation in High-Latitude Human-Planted Mangroves. For 2022, Vol 13, Page 105. 2022; 13: 105.
Sumartini, P W Ratrinia, and Hutabarat R F. The effect of mangrove types and leave maturity on the mangrove leaves (Sonneratia alba) and (Rhizophora mucronata) tea powder - IOPscience. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Bogor: IOP Publishing, 2022, pp. 1– 11.
Aljahdali MO, Alhassan AB, and Zhang Z. Environmental Factors Causing Stress in Avicennia marina Mangrove in Rabigh Lagoon Along the Red Sea: Based on a MultiApproach Study. Front Mar Sci. 2021; 8: 328.
Tunjung WAS, Fatonah V, Christy GP, Triono S, Hidayati L, Priyanto D, Purwestri YA, Sasongko AB, Hennisa, Faizah N, et al. Effect of Growth Factor in Callus Induction and Bioactive Compounds in Seed Explant of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.). Indones J Pharm. 2020; 31: 61–68.
Rozirwan, Melki, Apri R, Nugroho RY, Fauziyah, Agussalim A, and Iskandar I. Assessment of phytoplankton community structure in Musi Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 2021; 14: 1451–1463.
Mahasuari NPS, Paramita NLPV, and Yadnya Putra AAGR. Effect of methanol concentration as a solvent on total phenolic and flavonoid content of beluntas leaf extract. J Pharm Sci Appl. 2020; 2: 77.
Rozirwan, Nanda, Nugroho RY, Diansyah G, Muhtadi, Fauziyah, Putri WAE, and Agussalim A. Phytochemical composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from the east coast of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Baghdad Sci J. Epub ahead of print 2023.
Pai S, Hebbar A, and Selvaraj S. A critical look at challenges and future scopes of bioactive compounds and their incorporations in the food, energy, and pharmaceutical sector. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022; 29: 35518–35541.
Zhang QW, Lin LG, and Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med. 2018; 13: 20.
Salusu HD, Ariani F, Obeth E, Rayment M, Budiarso E, Kusuma IW, and Arung ET. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of selekop (Lepisanthes amoena) fruit. Agrivita. 2017; 39: 214–218.
Suh SS, Hwang J, Park M, Park HS, and Lee TK. Phenol content, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of mangrove plants in Micronesia. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7: 531–535.
Sopalun K, Laosripaiboon W, Wachirachaikarn A, and Iamtham S. Biological potential and chemical composition of bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi associated with thai mangrove plants. South African J Bot. 2021; 141: 66– 76.
Kustiati U, Wihadmadyatami H, and Kusindarta DL. Dataset of Phytochemical and secondary metabolite profiling of holy basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum Linn) ethanolic extract using spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Data Br.; 40. Epub ahead of print 2022.
Harborne JB (Jeffrey B. Phytochemical methods : a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall,
https://link.springer.com/book/9780412572609 (1998).
Bouabida H, and Dris D. Phytochemical constituents and larvicidal activity of Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana and Artemisia absinthium hydro-methanolic extract against mosquito vectors of avian plasmodium (Culiseta longiareolata). South African J Bot. 2022; 151: 504–511.
Olasunkanmi AA, Fadahunsi OS, and Adegbola PI. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopic, highperformance liquid chromatographic and In-silico characterization of antimicrobial and antioxidant constituents of Rhus longipes (Engl). Arab J Chem. 2022; 15: 103601.
Burini G. Development of a quantitative method for the analysis of total L-ascorbic acid in foods by highperformance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1154: 97–102.
Rozirwan, Apri R, Angraini N, Supardi, and Iskandar I. Antioxidant activity of soft corals collected from Maspari Island of South Sumatra Indonesia. Asia Life Sci. 2020; 10: 767–774.
Zhang J, Gong D, Lan L, Zheng Z, Pang X, Guo P, and Sun G. Comprehensive evaluation of Loblolly fruit by high performance liquid chromatography four wavelength fusion fingerprint combined with gas chromatography fingerprinting and antioxidant activity analysis. J
Chromatogr A. 2022; 1665: 462819.
Widagtia N, Sidika F, and Pradisty NA. Mangrove Monitoring for Estimation of Blue Carbon Potential. J Fish Mar Res. 2021; 5: 459–469.
Ankure S, Tah M, Mondal S, Murmu AK, and Naskar S. Adaptive evolution of leaf anatomical features in mangrove Rhizophoraceae cues differential strategies of salt tolerance. Flora. 2023; 300: 152225.
Rozirwan, Melki, Apri R, Fauziyah, Agussalim A, Hartoni, and Iskandar I. Assessment the macrobenthic diversity and community structure in the Musi Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Acta Ecol Sin. 2021; 41: 346–350.
Fitria Y, Rozirwan, Fitrani M, Nugroho RY, Fauziyah, and Putri WAE. Gastropods as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in the Banyuasin estuary shrimp pond area, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Acta Ecol Sin. Epub ahead of print 2023.
Sudhir S, Arunprasath A, and Sankara Vel V. A critical review on adaptations, and biological activities of the mangroves. J Nat Pestic Res. 2022; 1: 1–11.
Khadeeja S, Ragunathan R, Johney J, and Muthusamy K. Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Mangrove Plants Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. and Excoecaria agallocha L. Indian J Sci Technol. 2022; 15: 2594–2604.
Karim MA, Islam MA, Islam MM, Rahman MS, Sultana S, Biswas S, and Hosen MJ. Evaluation of antioxidant, antihemolytic, cytotoxic effects and anti-bacterial activity of selected mangrove plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Heritiera littoralis) in Bangladesh. Clin Phytoscience. 2020;
: 1–12.
Delta M, and Hendri M. Antioxidant activity of Sonneratia alba mangrove leaf and bark extract in Tanjung Carat, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. Maspari J Mar Sci Res. 2021; 13: 129–144.
Gazali M, Nurjanah, Ukhty N, Nurdin M, and Zuriat. Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Perepat Leaves (Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith) as Antioxidants from Kuala Bubon Coast West Aceh. J Pengolah Has Perikan Indones. 2020; 23: 402–411.
Rozirwan R, Muhtadi M, Ulqodry TZ, Nugroho RY, Khotimah NN, Fauziyah F, Putri WAE, Aryawati R, and Mohamed CAR. Insecticidal Activity and Phytochemical Profiles of Avicennia marina and Excoecaria agallocha Leaves Extracts. ILMU Kelaut Indones J Mar Sci. 2023; 28: 148–160.
Rozirwan, Muda HI, and Ulqodry TZ. Antibacterial potential of Actinomycetes isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Api-Api, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers. 2020; 21: 5723–5728.
Egharevba E, Chukwuemeke-Nwani P, Eboh U, Okoye E, Bolanle O, Oseghale I, Imieje V, Erharuyi O, and Falodun A. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Hypoglycaemic Potentials of the Leaf Extracts of Stachytarphyta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2019; 3: 170–174.
Okolie NP, Falodun A, and Davids O. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and it’s potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014; 11: 221–227.
Rahmania N, Herpandi H, and Rozirwan R. Phytochemical test of mangrove Avicennia alba, Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba from Musi River Estuary, South Sumatera. BIOVALENTIA Biol Res J. 2018; 4: 8–15.
Ibrahim HAH, Abdel-Latif HH, and Zaghloul EH. Phytochemical composition of Avicennia marina leaf extract, its antioxidant, antimicrobial potentials and inhibitory properties on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2022; 48: 29–35.
yang Wang T, Li Q, and shun Bi K. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2018; 13: 12–23.
Tungmunnithum D, Thongboonyou A, Pholboon A, and Yangsabai A. Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An overview. Medicines. 2018; 5: 93.
Masyita A, Mustika Sari R, Dwi Astuti A, Yasir B, Rahma Rumata N, Emran T Bin, Nainu F, and Simal-Gandara J. Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem X.
; 13: 100217.
Robitaille L, and Hoffer LJ. A simple method for plasma total vitamin C analysis suitable for routine clinical laboratory use. Nutr J. 2016; 15: 1–9.
Google Earth. Google earth program. [Online]. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 12]. Available from: https://earth.google.com/web/ 58. Rozirwan, Ramadani S, Putri WAE, Fauziyah, Khotimah NN, Nugroho RY. Evaluation of Calcium and Phosphorus content in Scallop Shells (Placuna placenta) and Blood Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) from Banyuasin Waters, South Sumatra. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 2023; 27: 1053- 1068.