Quantitative and Qualitative Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used in Oulmes Region, Morocco for the Treatment of Diseases and Infections http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.9
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the medicinal plants used in phytotherapy in Oulmes region in Morocco using quantitative tools of ethnobotanical research. For this purpose, comprehensive ethnobotanical surveys were conducted using a semi-structured survey, through the field diary technique and focus groups to collect data from 97 practitioners (herbalists, traditional practitioners, and ordinary citizen) on medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in the studied area. As a result, the prevalence of medicinal plant use by men is 62,89% with a female/male sex ratio of 0,59. Seventy-seven medicinal plants belonging to 37 botanical families were
recommended by practitioners. More than 58% of the plants are spontaneous and come from forests. Infusion and decoction are the two most commonly used preparation methods for the remedies. Quantitatively, the highest use value was noted for Origanum compactum Benth. (Use Value = 0,206). Most of the plants had been used in treating digestive disorders (66%) and cooking
preparations (54%). Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. is noted as the plant with the greatest number of pharmacological properties exploited in the treatments of various ailments such as digestive and respiratory systems ones (Relative Importance = 92,5). In conclusion, we deduced that the Oulmes region has a large reservoir of ethnomedical knowledge and the recipes prescribed are the result of a traditional heritage passed down from one generation to the next andknow-how accumulated over the years. Particular attention must be paid to the risks associated with plants used in traditional treatments without scientific validation. It is recommended that this mode of knowledge transmission be maintained with a transfer of evidence-based scientific knowledge.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular asp of Med. 2006 ;27(1): 1-93.
Rahman I U, Afzal A, Iqbal Z, Ijaz F, Ali N, Shah M, Bussmann R.W. Historical perspectives of Ethnobotany. Clinics in Dermato. 2019; 37(4): 382-388.
Verain A. Medicinal plants: evolution of their use and legislation. In: Ethnopharmacology, sources, methods, objectives: proceedings of the 1st European Colloquium of
Ethnopharmacology, Metz, Centre international of congres, 23-25 mars 1990. IRD Editions. 1991. 50 p.
Kankara S. S., Tukur K., Bello A., Lawal U., Bindawa, K. A. Medicinal Plants used for Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapy in Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria: doi.
org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i9. 21. Tropl Jof Nat Prod Resh. 2020 4(9), 621-629. doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i9.21.
Jamaleddine M, El Oualidi J, Taleb M. S, Alaoui-Faris E. Inventory and state of conservation of aromatic and medicinal plants (MAP) in Morocco. Phytothérapie. 2017;
(3): 114-122.
USAID (United States Agency for International Development), Morocco, Integrated agriculture and agribusiness: aromatic and medicinal plants project. 2006;
-16.
Fennane M, Ibn Tattou M. Statistics and comments on the current inventory of the vascular flora of Morocco. Bulletin of the Scientific Institute, Rabat, Life Sciences section. 2012;
(1): 1-9.
Bellakhdar J, Claisse R, Fleurentin J, Younos C.v. Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea. J of Ethnopharma. 1991; 35(2): 123-143.
Benkhnigue O, Zidane L, Fadli M, Elyacoubi H, Rochdi A, Douira A. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the region of Mechraâ Bel Ksiri (Gharb Region of Morocco).
Acta bot barcino; 2010. 191-216 p.
Abouri M, El Mousadik A, Msanda F. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the Tata Province, Morocco. Int J of Med Plants Res. 2012; 1(7): 99–123.
Zekkour M. The risks of phytotherapy, monographs of the most common toxic plants in Morocco, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco. 2008.
Chebaibi M, Bousta D, Iken I, Hoummani H, Ech-Choayeby A, Najdi A, Achour S. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of kidneydiseases in fez-meknes region, Morocco. Phytotherapie.
; 18(2): 99–114.
High Commission For Planning Morocco. General Census of Population and Housing. 2014.
Achour S, Chebaibi M, Essabouni H, Bourhia M, Ouahmane L, Mohammad Salamatullah A , Aboul-Soud M.A.M, Giesy J P. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used as
Therapeutic Agents to Manage Diseases of Humans. EvideBas Compl and Altere Med 2022. 2022; 1-8.
Hseini S, Kahouadji A. Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal flora in the region of Rabat (Western Morocco). Lazaroa, 2007; 28: 79-93.
El-Hadri Y. Contribution to the ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the region of Beni Mellal-Khenifra. PhD thesis, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Rabat.
Mohammed V University, Morocco. 2019. 243 p.
Bachiri L, Labazi N, Daoudi A, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L, Echchegadda G., Mokhtari F. Ethnobotanical study of some spontaneous Moroccan lavenders. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci,
; 9(3) : 1308–1318.
Slimani I, Najem M, Belaidi R, Bachiri L, Bouiamrine E.H, Nassiri, L, Ibijbijen JEthnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the Zerhoun region -Morocco. Int. J. Innov.
Appl. Stud. 2016; 15(4): 846–863.
Bammi J, Douira A. Medicinal plants in the forest of Achach (central plateau, Morocco). J. Acta Bot. Mal, 2002; 27: 131- 145.
Briguiche H, Zidane L. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from El-Jadida City (Morocco). Lazaroa. 2016; 37: 145-151.
El Hilah F, Ben Akka F, Dahmani J, Belahbib N, Zidane L.Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of respiratory system infections in the central
Moroccan plateau. J of An & Plant Sc. 2015; 25(2): 3886- 3897.
Beaudet G, The central Moroccan plateau and its borders: a geomorphological study. Rabat: Imprimeries françaises et marocaines,1969.
Fennane M, Ibn Tattou M, Ouyahya J.A, El Oulaidi J. Practical flora of Morocco. Vol 1, Travaux de l’institut Scientifique, Ser. Botanique N 36 Rabat, 1999.
Fennane M, Ibn Tattou M, El Oulaidi J. Practical Flora of Morocco. Vol. 3, Travaux de l’institut Scientifique, Ser. Botanique N 40 Rabat. 2007a.
Fennane M, Ibn Tattou M, Ouyahya A, El Oulaidi J. Practical flora of Morocco. Vol. 2, Travaux de l’institut Scientifique, Ser. Botanique N 38 Rabat. 2007b.
Pardo-de-Santayana M, Tardío J, Blanco E, Carvalho AM, Lastra JJ, San Miguel E, Morales R. Traditional knowledge on wild edible plants in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): a comparative study. J of Ethnobio and
Ethnomed. 2007; 3(27): 1-11.
Cadena-González AL, Sørensen M, Theilade I. Use and valuation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in Campo Hermoso and Zetaquira, Boyacá, Colombia. Jof
Ethnobio and Ethnomed. 2013; 9: 1-34.
Nawash O, Shudiefat M, Al-Tabini R, Al-Khalidi K. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants commonly used by local Bedouins in the Badia region of Jordan. J of
Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 148: 921-925.
Vitalini S, Iriti M, Puricelli C, Ciuchi D, Segale A, Fico G. Traditional knowledge on medicinal and food plants used in Val San Giacomo (Sondrio, Italy) —An alpine
ethnobotanical study, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145: 517– 529.
Yaseen G, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Suleiman Alharrasi A, Hussain J, Zafar M. Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants in the Thar Desert (Sindh) of Pakistan. J of Ethnopharmacolo.
; 163: 43-59.
Najem M, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L. Quantitative ethnobotanical study of poisonous medicinal plants used in the traditional pharmacopoeia of the Central Middle Atlas Region:
Morocco. Ethnobot Res Appl. 2019; 18: 1–17.
Najem M, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L, Appellations vernaculaires des plantes toxiques à usage médicinal dans le Moyen Atlas central- Maroc. Ethnobot. Res. Ap- plic, 2020; 20 (48): 1–30.
Najem M, Ibijbijen J , Nassiri L. Phytotherapy in response to COVID-19 and risks of intoxication: A field study in the city of Meknes (Morocco). J of Pharma & Pharmaco Res. 2022;
(3): 357-386.
Najem M, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L. Ethnobotanical treatment of respiratory diseases in the central Middle Atlas (Morocco): Qualitative and quantitative approach. Eur J Integrat Med.
; 46: 101358.
Heinrich M, Ankli A, Frei B, Weimann C, Sticher O. Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers’ consensus and cultural importance. Soc. Sci. Med, 1998; 47: 1859–1871.
Bennett B.C, Prance G.T. Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopoeia of Northern South America, Econ. Bot. 2000; 54 (1): 90–102.
Singh AP, Kumar M, Nagar B, Pala NA, Bussmann RW. Ethnomedicinal use of plant resources in Kirtinagar Block of Tehri Garhwal in Western Himalaya. Ethnobot Res & Ap.
;18(14): 1-11.
Tardio J, Pardo-de Santayana M. Cultural importance indices: a comparativeanalysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Eco Bot.
; 62 (1): 24-39.
Kamalebo H.M, Malale H.N.S.W, Ndabaga C.M, Degreef J, Kesel A.D. Uses and importance of wild fungi: Traditional knowledge from the Tshopo province in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo. J. Ehnobiol. Ethnomed. 2018;14: 1- 13.
Hussain S, Malik F, Khalid N, Qayyum M.A, Riaz H. Alternative and traditional medicines systems in Pakistan: History, Regulation, Trends, Usefulness, Challenges,
Prospects and Limitations. A Compendium of Essays on Alternative Therapy. London: InTech. 2012. 67 p.
Kanwal H, Sherazi B.A. Herbal medicine: Trend of practice, perspective, and limitations in Pakistan. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci, 2017; 4: 6–8.
Daoudi A, Bachiri L, Bammou M, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L. Ethnobotanical study in the Central Middle Atlas. Eur Sci J. 2015; 11: 226–242.
Hakkou S, Sabir M & Machrouhi N. Touristic valorisation of natural resources, aromatic and medicinal plants of the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region. Editions Universitaires
Européennes. 2022. 148 p.
Benítez GC, González-Tejero MR, Molero-Mesa J. Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada province (southern Spain): Ethnopharmacological synthesis.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;129: 87–105.
Savo V, Giulia C, Maria GP, David R. Folk phytotherapy of the Amalfi Coast (Campania, Southern Italy). J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135: 376–392.
Bhat J.A, Kumar M, Bussmann R.W. Ecological status and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary of Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Ethnobiol
Ethnomed. 2013; 9: 1-18.
Barkaoui M, Katiri A, Boubaker H, Msanda F. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of diabetes in Chtouka Ait Baha and
Tiznit (Western Anti-Atlas), Morocco. J of Ethnopharmacol, 2017;198: 338–350.
Ziyyat A, Legssyer A, Mekhfi H, Dassouli A, Serhrouchni M, Benjelloun W. Phytotherapy of hypertension and diabetes in oriental Morocco. J of Ethnopharmacol. 1997;58 (01): 45–
Fennane M, Tattou M I, Valdés B. Catalog of rare, threatened or endemic vascular plants of Morocco. Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by Herbarium Mediterraneum
Panormitanum. 1998.
Khatib S, Sobeh M, Bouissane L. Tetraclinis articulata (vahl) masters: An insight into its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, toxicity, biocide and therapeutic merits. Front in Pharmacol.
3514 p.
Rached W, Zeghada F.Z, Bennaceur M, Barros L, Calhelha, R. C, Heleno, S, Ferreira I.C. Phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory
and cytotoxic properties of Tetraclinis Articulata (Vahl) Masters leaves. Ind. Crops Prod. 2018;112:460–466.
Sadiki F. Z, El Idrissi M, Cioanca O, Trifan A, Hancianu M, Hritcu L, Postu P.A. Tetraclinis Articulata essential oil mitigates cognitive deficits and brain oxidative stress in an
Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis model. Phytomedicine. 2018;15: 57–63.
Postu P. A, Tiron A, Tiron C. E, Gorgan D, Mihasan M,Hritcu L. Conifer essential oils reversed amyloid beta1-42 action by modulating BDNF and ARC expression in the rat
hippocampus. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets. 2022;21 (1): 85–94.
Braca A, Sortino C, Politi M, Morelli I, Mendez J. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniaeflora. J of ethnopharmacol. 2002; 79(3): 379-381.
Cimanga K, Ying L, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Cos P, Hermans N, Bakana P, Tona L, Kambu K, Kalenda D.T, Pieters L, Vanden Berghe D, Vlietinck A.J, Radical scavenging and
xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds from Bridelia ferruginea stem bark. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2001.; 53: 757–761.
Montoro P, Braca A, Pizza C, De Tommasi N. Structureantioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids isolated from different plant species. Food Chem. 2005; 92: 349–355.
Srinivasan R., Natarajan D., Shivakumar M.S. Antioxidant Compound Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (1→6)-β-Dglucose (Rutin) isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extracts of Memecylon edule Roxb (Melastamataceae). Free Radic.
Antioxid. 2015;5: 35–42.
Kayani S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Khan MPZ, Ashraf, M. A, Yaseen G. Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for respiratory disorders among the inhabitants of Gallies –
Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;156: 47–60.
Bouyahya A, Abrini J, Bakri Y, Dakka N. Screening phytochimique et évaluation de l'activité antioxydante et antibactérienne des extraits d’Origanum compactum.
Phytothérapie. 2017;15(6): 379-383.
El Babili F, Bouajila J, Souchard PJ, Bertrand C, Bellvert F. Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. J Food Sci.
; 76: 512–8.
Baudrand H, Mbatchou Ngahane B.H, Marcu M, Freymond N, Pacheco Y, Devouassoux G. Pneumopathie communautaire abcédée à Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rev. Mal.
Respir. 2009:26 (7); 773–778.
Valour F, Chebib N, Gillet Y, Reix P, Laurent F, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Bronchopulmonary infections with Staphylococcus aureus. Revue de Pneumologie Clinique. 2013;69(6): 368-
Ali-Shtayeh M.S, Yaghmou R.M.R, Faidi Y.R, Salem K, AlNuri M. A. Antimicrobial activity of 20 plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area. J.Ethnopharmacol, 1998;60 (3): 265–271.
Sener A, Dulger B. Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Verbascum sinuatum L. on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2009; 3(11):
-781.
Rehman N.U, Khan A.U, Alkharfy K.M, Gilani A.H. Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of lepidium sativum in airways disorders. Evid. Based Complement.
Alternat. Med. 2012;1 (8): 596-524.
Stahl-Biskup E, Venskutonis R.P. Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania. Handbook of herbs and spices. 2004. 297 p.
Cabo J, Cabo M.M, Crespo M.E, Jiménez J, Zarzuelo A. Thymus granatensis IV. Pharmacodynamic study of its essential oil. Fitoterapia. 1986.
Cruz T, Jiménez J, Zarzuelo A, Cabo M.M. The spasmolytic activity of the essential oil of Thymus baeticus Boiss in rats. Phytother. Res. 1989; 3 (3): 106–108. 69. Zarzuelo A, Cabo M.M, Cruz T, Jiménez J. Spasmolytic
action of the essential oil of Thymus longiflorus Boiss. in rats’, Phytother. Res. 1989;3(1): 36-37.
Godfraind T, Miller R, Wibbo M. Calcium antagonism and calcium entry blockade. Pharmacol. Rev. 1986; 38 (4): 321- 416