Phytochemical Profiling of Javanese Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) Stem Extract Using GC-MS Analysis and Pharmacological Potential http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.1
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Talinum paniculatum (Talinaceae), also known as Javanese ginseng in Indonesia, is a widely recognized medicinal plant. However, the method of fertilization is currently limited to the leaves, and there needs to be more information about the metabolite profile on its stem. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the content of metabolite present in the stem extract of T. paniculatum and investigate the potential of an introductory class of metabolites to be utilized. To achieve this, the active compounds of the T. paniculatum stem were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with Ethanol Pro Analysis (99.8%) as organic solvents. The profiles of these compounds were identified using the NCBI International Library PubChem branch, NIST Chemistry WebBook branch, SpectraBase branch of WILEY, and FOODB branch of TMIC. The results showed that T. paniculatum stem extract possesses a dominating compound with antiinflammatory properties.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Eriocephalus L, Khalil N, Elhady SS, Diri RM, Fekry MI, Bishr M, Salama O, El-zalabani SM. Salicylic Acid Spraying Affects Secondary Metabolites and Radical Scavenging Capacity of Drought-Stressed. Agronomy. 2022;12(10):1– 13. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12102278.
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. World Heal Organ. 2013;1– 76.
Oluba OM, Adebiyi FD, Dada AA, Ajayi AA, Adebisi KE, Odutuga AA. Effects of Talinum triangulare leaf flavonoid extract on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and associated complications in rats. Food Sci Nutr. 2019;7(2):385–394. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.765.
Zheng L, Wang M, Peng Y, Li X. Physicochemical Characterization of Polysaccharides with Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activities Isolated from Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). J Chem. 2017;5:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2017/3276430.
Souto CGRG, Lorençone BR, Marques AAM, Palozi RAC, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Tirloni CA, Santos ACD, Souza RIC, Zago PMJJ, Lívero FADR, Lourenço ELB, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective effects of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. in doxorubicin-induced
cardiotoxicity in hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021; 281:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114568.
Liao DY, Chai YC, Wang SH, Chen CW, Tsai MS. Antioxidant activities and contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids of Talinum triangulare extracts and their immunomodulatory effects. J Food Drug Anal. 2015; 23(2):294–302. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.010.
Liu X, Li Y, Yang H, Zhou B. Chloroplast genome of the folk medicine and vegetable plant Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.: Gene organization, comparative and phylogenetic analysis. Molecules. 2018; 23(4):5–9. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040857.
Sulistiono S. Talinum paniculatum (Jacq) Gaertn (Java ginseng) production using Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal. Int J Appl Biol. 2017;1:76–81. doi: 10.20956/ijab.v1i2.3133.
Yeh SH, Hsu WK, Chang ZQ, Wang SH, Hsieh CW, Liou GG, Lee HB, Jiang BH, Tsou HK, Tsai MS. Purification and characterization of fractions containing polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare and their immunomodulatory effects. Processes. 2021;9(4):1–14. doi: 10.3390/pr9040709
Cano A, Contreras C, Chiralt A, González-Martínez C. Using tannins as active compounds to develop antioxidant and antimicrobial chitosan and cellulose based films. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl. 2021; 2:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100156.
Ciftci HI, Radwan MO, Sever B, Hamdy AK, Emirdağ S, Ulusoy NG, Sozer E, Can M, Yayli N, Araki N, Tateishi H, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Altintop MD. EGFR-targeted pentacyclic triterpene analogues for glioma therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(20):1–13. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010945.
Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Lebelt L, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. The protective function and modification of secondary metabolite accumulation in response to light stress in Dracocephalum forrestii shoots. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(15):1–8. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157965.
Pfeifer L. “ Neptune Balls ” Polysaccharides: Disentangling the Wiry Seagrass Detritus. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(24):1–17. doi: 10.3390/polym13244285.
Osathanunkul M, Madesis P. Bar-HRM: A reliable and fast method for species identification of ginseng (Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Talinum paniculatum and Phytolacca Americana). PeerJ. 2019; 1–17. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7660.
Tolouei SEL, Palozi RAC, Tirloni CAS, Marques AAM, Schaedler MI, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnopharmacological approaches to Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. - Exploring cardiorenal effects from the Brazilian Cerrado. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019; 238:1–12. doi:
1016/j.jep.2019.111873.
Arévalo-Lopéz D, Nina N, Ticona JC, Limachi I, Salamanca E, Udaeta E, Paredes C, Espinoza B, Serato A, Garnica D, Limachi A, Coaquira D, Salazar S, Flores N, Sterner O, Giménez A. Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity from plants used in Tacana traditional medicine (Bolivia). J
Ethnopharmacol. 2018;216(November 2017):120–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.023.
Odonne G, Bourdy G, Castillo D, Estevez Y, Lancha-Tangoa A, Sauvain M. Ta’ta’, Huayani: Perception of leishmaniasis and evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita in Peru. Part II. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 126(1):149–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.015.
Gu W, Hao X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Huang L, Pei S. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants from the Dragon Boat Festival herbal markets of Qianxinan, southwestern Guizhou, China. Plant Divers. 2020; 42(6):427–33. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.010.
Anaduaka EG, Okagu IU, Uchendu NO, Ezeanyika LUS, Nwanguma BC. Hepato-renal toxicity of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) seed extracts in rats. J King Saud Univ - Sci. 2022; 34(1):1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101694.
Ochola JB, Mutero CM, Marubu RM, Haller BF, Hassanali A, Lwande W. Mosquitoes Larvicidal Activity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Oil Formulation under Laboratory and Field-Simulated Conditions. Insects. 2022;13(2):1–15. doi: 10.3390/insects13020203.
Özbek O, Saglam B, Usta NC, Budak Y. GC–MS Analysis and Anti–Microbial Activity Of Prunella Vulgaris L. Extracts. J Indian Chem Soc. 2022; 99(6):1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100460.
Tang GM, Shi YT, Gao W, Li MN, Li P, Yang H. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Root Tuber and Rhizome of Curcuma longa L. Using Fingerprints and Chemometrics Approaches on Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2022; 27(10):1–12. doi:10.3390/molecules27103196.
Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Zu YG, Berger S. GC-MS Metabolomic Analysis to Reveal the Metabolites and Biological Pathways Involved in the Developmental Stages and Tissue Response of Panax ginseng. Molecules. 2017;22(3):1–14. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030496.
TMIC. FOODB. TMIC (The Metabolomics Innovation Centre). [cited 2022 Jun 30].
WILEY. SpectraBase. WILEY. [cited 2022 Jun 30].
Lipid Maps. [cited 2022 Jun 30]
Cutignano A, Conte M, Tirino V, Vecchio V Del, Angelis R De, Romano G. Cytotoxic Potential of the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira rotula: Insights into Bioactivity of 24- Methylene Cholesterol. Mar Drug. 2022; 20(10):1–15. doi: 10.3390/md20100595.
Wang Z, Tang H, Wang P, Gong W, Xue M, Zhang W. Bioactive polyoxygenated steroids from the South China Sea soft coral, Sarcophyton sp. Mar Drugs. 2013; 11(3):775–87. doi: 10.3390/md11030775.
Mirjalili MH, Moyano E, Bonfill M, Cusido RM, Palazón J. Steroidal Lactones from Withania somnifera, an Ancient Plant for Novel Medicine. Molecules. 2009; 14(7):2373–93. doi: 10.3390/molecules14072373.
Tabassum S, Ahmad S, Khan KUR, Tabassum F, Khursheed A, Chen Y. Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, AntiInflammatory, Thrombolytic, Hemolytic Activity In Vitro and In Silico Potential of Portulacaria afra. Molecules. 2022; 27(8):2377. doi: 10.3390/molecules27082377.
Chan CA, Ho LY, Sit NW. Larvicidal Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf Extract against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Horticulturae. 2022; 8(5):1–14. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae8050443.
Sajid M, Khan MR, Ijaz MU, Ismail H, Bhatti MZ, Batiha GES. Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Alnus nitida. Molecules. 2022; 27(14):1–17. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144582.
Gutiérrez Nava ZJ, Jiménez-Aparicio AR, Herrera-Ruiz ML, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Immunomodulatory Effect of Agave tequilana Evaluated on an Autoimmunity Like-SLE Model Induced in Balb/c Mice with Pristane. Molecules. 2017; 22(6):1–14. doi: 10.3390/molecules22060848.
Yin P, Wang JJ, Kong YS, Zhu Y, Zhang JW, Liu ZH. Dynamic Changes of Volatile Compounds during the Xinyang Maojian Green Tea Manufacturing at an Industrial Scale. Foods. 2022;11(17):1–16. doi: 10.3390/foods11172682.
Al-ramamneh EA dein M, Ghrair AM, Shakya AK, Alsharafa KY. Efficacy of Sterculia diversifolia Leaf Extracts: Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant and AntiInflammatory Activity, and Green Synthesis of Potential Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticles. Plants. 2022; 11(19):1– 17. doi: 10.3390/plants11192492.
Chiavaroli A, Cristina S, Simone D, Acquaviva A, Libero ML, Ferrante C. Protective Effects of PollenAid Plus Soft Gel Capsules’ Hydroalcoholic Extract in Isolated Prostates and Ovaries Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Molecules. 2022; 27(19):1–15. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196279.
Yuan L, Zhang F, Shen M, Jia S, Xie J. Phytosterols Suppress Phagocytosis and Inhibit Inflammatory Mediators via ERK Pathway on LPS-Triggered Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages and the Correlation with Their Structure. Foods. 2019;8(11):1–22. doi:
3390/foods8110582.
Lorensi GH, Oliveira RS, Leal AP, Zanatta AP, Almeida CGMD, Barreto YC, Rosa ME, Vieira PDB, Ramos CJB, Victoria FCD, Pereira AB, LaneuvilleTeixeira V, Dal Belo CA. Entomotoxic Activity of Prasiola crispa (Antarctic Algae) in Nauphoeta cinerea Cockroaches: Identification of
main steroidal compounds. Mar Drugs. 2019; 17(10):1–13. doi: 10.3390/md17100573.
Bae H, Park S, Yang C, Song G, Lim W. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum and ROS Production in Human Ovarian Cancer by Campesterol. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(3):1–18. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030379.
Zhabinskii VN, Drasar P, Khripach VA. Structure and Biological Activity of Ergostane-Type Steroids from Fungi. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):1–53. doi: 10.3390/molecules27072103.
Poinsot J, Adam P, Trendel JM, Albrecht P, Riva A. Baccharane (18,19-secolupane): A rare triterpenoid skeleton widespread in Triassic sediments and petroleum from the Adriatic Basin. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1993; 57(13):3201–5. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90308-J.
Zhang X, Wei C, Miao J, Zhang X, Wei B, Xiao C. Chemical compounds from female and male rectal pheromone glands of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta. Insects. 2019; 10(3):1–10. doi: 10.3390/insects10030078.
Mousavi S, Stanzione V, Mariotti R, Mastio V, Azariadis A, Bufacchi M. Bioactive Compound Profiling of Olive Fruit: The Contribution of Genotype. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(4):1– 19. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040672.
Abuobeid R, Sánchez-Marco J, Felices MJ, Arnal C, Burillo JC, Osada J. Squalene through Its Post-Squalene Metabolites Is a Modulator of Hepatic Transcriptome in Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8):1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084172.
Fu JY, Htar TT, De Silva L, Tan DMY, Chuah LH. Chromatographic Separation of vitamin e enantiomers. Molecules. 2017; 22(26):1–17. doi:
3390/molecules22020233.
Patra JK, Das G, Baek KH. Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an essential oil extracted from an edible seaweed, Laminaria japonica L. Molecules. 2015;20(7):12093–12113. doi: 10.3390/molecules200712093.
Ozturk G, Liang N, Bhattacharya M, Robinson RC, Shankar S, Huang YP, Paviani B, Taha AY, Barile D. Glycoproteomic and Lipidomic Characterization of Industrially Produced Whey Protein Phospholipid Concentrate with Emphasis on Antimicrobial Xanthine Oxidase, Oxylipins and Small Milk Fat Globules. Dairy. 2022; 3(2):277–302. doi: 10.3390/dairy3020022.
Mothana RA, Noman OM, Al-Sheddi ES, Khaled JM, AlSaid MS, Al-Rehaily AJ. Chemical composition, in vitro antimicrobial, free-radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Leucas inflata Benth. Molecules. 2017; 22(3):1–8. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030367.
Joshua PE, Anosike CJ, Asomadu RO, Ekpo DE, Uhuo EN, Nwodo OFC. Bioassay-guided fractionation, phospholipase A2-inhibitory activity and structure elucidation of compounds from leaves of Schumanniophyton magnificum. Pharm Biol. 2020; 58(1):1069–76. doi:
1080/13880209.2020.1839510.
Giorno TBS, Lima FA, Brand ALM, de Oliveira CM, Rezende CM, Fernandes PD. Characterization of βNoctadecanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide anti-inflammatory effect. Molecules. 2021; 26(12):1–13. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123709.
Ong MG, Mat Yusuf SNA, Lim V. Pharmacognostic and antioxidant properties of Dracaena sanderiana leaves. Antioxidants. 2016; 5(3):1–9. doi: 10.3390/antiox5030028.
Ismail IA, Qari SH, Shawer R, Elshaer MM, Dessoky ES, Behiry SI. The application of pomegranate, sugar apple, and eggplant peel extracts suppresses aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin b1 biosynthesis pathway. Horticulturae. 2021; 7(12):1–16. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7120558.
Abubakar M, Majinda R. GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpus angolensis (DC). Medicines. 2016;3(1):1– 9. doi: 10.3390/medicines3010003.
Apandi NM, Sunar NM, Maya R, Radin S. Scenedesmus sp. harvesting by using natural coagulant after phycoremediation of heavy metals in different concentration of wet market wastewater for potential fish feeds. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):1–23. doi: 10.3390/su14095090.
Mu Z. (Cyperus esculentus L.): A Review of Its Compositions, Medical Efficacy, Antibacterial Activity and Allelopathic Potentials. Plants. 2022; 11(9):1–12. doi: 10.3390/plants11091127.
Navarro A, De las Heras B, Villar A. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of a sterol fraction from Sideritis foetens CLEM. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24(5):470– 473. doi: 10.1248/bpb.24.470.
Wang J, Huang M, Yang J, Ma X, Zheng S, Deng S, Huang Y, Yang X, Zhao P. Anti-diabetic activity of stigmasterol from soybean oil by targeting the GLUT4 glucose transporter. Food Nutr Res. 2017; 61(1):1–14. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1364117.
Gao Z, Maloney DJ, Dedkova LM, Hecht SM. Inhibitors of DNA polymerase β: Activity and mechanism. Bioorganic Med Chem. 2008; 16(8):4331–40. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.071.