Impact of Rainfall on The Distribution of Water-Borne Diseases: The Case of Viral Hepatitis http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i6.11
Main Article Content
Abstract
Waterborne diseases, including infection by viral hepatitis, represents a significant public health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in Morocco. They are sensitive to environmental conditions. Some or all are likely to be affected by climate change, which could alter their risk. The objective of this work is to study the impact of rainfall on the evolution of viral hepatitis in the prefecture of Meknes during the 2010-2014period. The number of cases of water-borne viral hepatitis between 2010 and 2014 were obtained from prefectural epidemiology unit of Meknes, while the climatic variables were obtained from the meteorological station of the Agropolis
agribusiness and research center of the region of Meknes. The epidemiological situation of viral hepatitis in the study area shows that the prefecture of Meknes was still affected by this epidemic during all the years of the study with a rate which reached 95 cases in 2012. In addition, this study shows that the years of heavy rainfall have seen a decrease in viral hepatitis cases. Climatic factors can therefore affect public health. In fact, heavy rainfall can reduce the risk of the appearance of diseases, in particular viral hepatitis, by reducing water pollution by dilution. Hence the need to encourage studies to improve knowledge and scientific evidence of the association
between health and climate, and to integrate climatic factors into epidemic surveillance systems.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Latona DF, Oyebamiji AK, Mutiu OA, Olarinoye EF. Evaluation of Some Benzimidazole Derivativesas Hepatitis B&C Protease Inhibitors: Computational Study.Trop J NatProd Res.2022; 6(3):416-421.
Bruix J and Sherman M. Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatol. 2011; 53(3):1020-1022.
Ramadori P, Cubero FJ, Liedtke C, Trautwein C, Nevzorova YA. Alcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Adding Fuel to the Flame. Cancers (Basel). 2017; 9(10) :130-142.
Fares A. Seasonality of Hepatitis: A Review Update. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(1): 96-100.
Moroccan Ministry of Public Health (2019): National Viral Hepatitis Seroprevalence Survey.https://www.sante.gov.ma /Pages/Communiques.aspx?IDCom=320
Delpla I, Jung AV, Baures E, Clement M, Thomas O. Impacts of climate change on surface water quality in relation to drinking water production. Environ Int. 2009; 35.
Tricou V, Bouscaillou J,Laghoe-Nguembe GL, BereA, Konamna X, Selekon B, Nakoune E, Kazanji M, KomasNP . Hepatitis E virus outbreak associated with rainfall in the Central African Republic in 2008-2009. BMC Infect Dis .2020; 20, 260
Guzman Herrador BR, de Blasio BF, MacDonald E, Nichols G, Sudre B, Vold L, Semenza JC, Nygård K. Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: a review. Environ Health. 2015; 14:1–12.
Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B. Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: empirical evidence and human adaptation. Environ Int. 2016; 86:14 23
Chen MJ, Lin CY, YT Wu, PC Wu, Lung SC, Su HJ. Effects of extreme precipitation to the distribution of infectious diseases in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2012; 1994-2008.
Villar LM, De Paula VS, Gaspar AMC. Seasonal variation of hepatitis A virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo.2002; 44: 289–292.
World Health Organization World Meteorological Organization. Atlas of health and climate change. Health and Environment Series. 2012.
Lee CS, Lee JH, Kwon KS. Outbreak of hepatitis A in Korean military personnel. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61: 239 241.
Guis H, Clerc S, Hoen B, Viel JF. Clusters of autochthonous hepatitis A cases in a low endemicity area. Epidemiol Infect. 2006; 134:498–505.
Sowmyanarayanan TV, Mukhopadhya A, Gladstone BP, Sarkar R, Kang G. Investigation of a hepatitis A outbreak in children in an urban slum in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, using geographic information systems. Indian J Med Res. 2008;128: 32–37.
HCP - High Commission for Planning of Morocco. Available from: https://www.hcp.ma/downloads/
El Addouli J, Chahlaoui A, Chafi A, Berrahou A. Monitoring and risk analysis related to the use of wastewater in agriculture in the Meknes region. Sud Sctech. 2008; 16.
Mouhaddach O, Ben-Daoud M, El Jaafari S. Assessment of the spatial relationship between environment and health: Case of wastewater reuse in agriculture and health (Meknes - Morocco). Ed Univ euro. 2014; 84 p.
Gagneux S, Schneider C, Odermatt P, Cisse G, Cheikh D, Ould Selmanem L, Ould Cheikh D, Toure A, Tanner M. La diarrhée chez les agriculteurs urbains de Nouakchott en Mauritanie. Méd Trop 1999 ;53 : 253-258
Cisse G, Kientga M, Boureima O, Tanner M. Development of market gardening around dam waters in Ouagadougou: What are the health risks to consider? Cah Agric.2002 ;11 :31-8.
Bos R, Carr R, Keraita B. Assessing and mitigating health risks associated with wastewater in low-income countries, In Drechsel P, Scott C, Raschid-Sally L, Redwood M, Bahri A (Eds) . Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Assessing and Reducing Risks in Low-Income Countries, Canada:
Presses of the University of Quebec ,2011; pp 31-50.
Berhanu L, Abebe M, Gizeyatu A, Berihun G, Teshome D, Walle Z. Evaluation of the Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Microbiological Quality of Vegetables in Northeast Ethiopia: Implication for Food-Borne Infection and Intoxications. Environ. Health Insights. 2022; 16.
Castro LO, Espul C, de PaulaVS,Altabert NR, Gonzalez JE, Lago BV, Villar LM. High prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in environmental and clinical samples from West Argentina. Braz J Infect Dis. 2023; 27; 2.
El Omari H, Abdelkader C, Ouarrak K and Kharroubi A. Public health monitoring using Geographic Information Systems: case viral hepatitis E. E3S Web Conf. 2021; 319 .
Pascal M, Viso AC, Medina S, Delmas MC, Beaudeau P. How can a climate change perspective be integrated into public health surveillance? Public Hlth. 2012; 126:660–667.
Bai H, Shiota T, Yoshizaki S, Saito-Obata M, Malbas FF Jr, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H, Takeda N, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Ishii K, Li TC. Detection of Subgeno type IA and IIIA Hepatitis A Viruses in Rivers Flowing through Metro Manila, the Philippines. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72:53-55.