Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) Leaf as a Natural Sun Stick Protector Through the Inhibition of the MMP-1 Receptor http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i5.17

Main Article Content

Ketut A. Adrianta
Putu E.S.K. Yuda
Putu S. Purnamasari
Ni Made D.S. Suena

Abstract

Sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation, which can cause the formation of free radicals. One of the plants that has the potential to be used as sunscreen is jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). This research aimed to determine the potential of sun stick jackfruit leaf extract as a UV-Protector exposed to UV-B radiation. This study used two methods, namely in vitro and in vivo. In vitro
method was carried out using a spectro-photometric method to analyze the value of the Sun Protection Factor and the in vivo one used the Balb/c strain male white mice, which were divided into three treatment groups. From the research results, it can be reported that the in vitro SPF value at a concentration of 2,500 ppm is 36.62; 5,000 ppm is 38.66; 7,500 ppm is 38.85, and the 10,000
ppm is 38.33, indicating that the average SPF value at each concentration belongs to the ultraprotection category. The in vivo research showed that sticks gave the lowest levels of MMP-1; the results were 3.713 ng/ml of mouse blood serum, lower when compared to other brands of sun sticks with MMP-1 levels of 3.86 ng/ml. The highest MMP-1 level was shown by the results of treatment on a sun-stick basis, namely 4.737 ng/ml. The results shown above indicate that the jackfruit leaf extract sun stick can inhibit the expression of MMP-1, reflecting its ability as a UV protector because of the active compound components. The compound inhibits MMP-1 expression
by inhibiting the mitogenic-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. 

Article Details

How to Cite
Adrianta, K. A., Yuda, P. E., Purnamasari, P. S., & Suena, N. M. D. (2023). Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) Leaf as a Natural Sun Stick Protector Through the Inhibition of the MMP-1 Receptor: http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i5.17. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 7(5), 2952–2858. Retrieved from https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/1973
Section
Articles

References

Verawati V, Almahdy A, Febriyenti F, Putra DP. In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Photoprotective Effect of Elephantopus mollis Extracts. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022;6(3):365-370. doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v6i3.11

Kusumawati AH, Farhamzah F, Alkandahri MY, Sadino A, Agustina LS, Apriana SD. Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection Factor of Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021;5(11):1958-1961. doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v5i11.11

Sabrina AP, Tania E, Nuryamah S, Yuniarsih N. The Potential of Natural Ingredients as Sunscreen: A Narrative Literature Review. Open Access Indones J Med Rev. 2022;2(4):265-269. doi:10.37275/oaijmr.v2i4.221

Amadi JAC, Ihemeje A, Afam-Anene OC. Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Pulp, Seeds and Leaves. Int J Innov Food, Nutr Sustain Agric. 2018;6(3):27-32. https://seahipaj.org/journals-ci/sept- 2018/IJIFNSA/full/IJIFNSA-S-2-2018.pdf

Utari A, Warly L. Tannin Contents of Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Extract and Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) Extract as Functional Additive Feed in Ruminant Livestock. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;757(1):012054. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012054

Jagdale YD, Mahale S V., Zohra B, Nayik GA, Dar AH, Khan KA, Abdi G, Karabagias IK. Nutritional Profile and Potential Health Benefits of Super Foods: A Review. Sustainability. 2021;13(16):9240. doi:10.3390/su13169240

Adrianta KA, Putra IMAS. Utilization of Artocarpus heterophylla Lamk. As UV Protector In mice exposed to UVB. Maj Obat Tradis. 2018;23(3):112. doi:10.22146/mot.37407

Liliana N, Wiraguna AAGP, Pangkahila W. Panax ginseng extract cream inhibited increased expression of MMP-1 and decreased amount of collagen in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B light [Krim ekstrak Panax ginseng menghambat peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1 dan penurunan jumlah kolagen pada tikus Wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipajan sinar UV-B]. J e-Biomedik. 2017;5(1).

Fisher GJ, Wang Z, Datta SC, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. Pathophysiology of Premature Skin Aging Induced by Ultraviolet Light. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(20):1419-1429. doi:10.1056/nejm199711133372003

Iswandana R, Chalista W, Sitepu ES. Formulation and penetration enhancement activity of sticks containing caffeine. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018;8(1):043-049. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2018.8107

Nagalakshmi R, Kaur S. Formulation and Evaluation of Medicated Analgesic Sticks. Indo Am J Pharm Res. 2017;7(9):471-477.

Maharini I, Utami DT, Fitrianingsih. In vitro Determination of Sun Protective Factor (SPF) of Dadap Serep (Erythrina subumbrans (Haks.) Merr.) Leaf Extract Using Spectrophotometric Method. J Chem Nat Resour. 2019;01(01):64-67.

Sharma T, Tyagi V, Bansal M. Determination of sun protection factor of vegetable and fruit extracts using UV– Visible spectroscopy: A green approach. Sustain Chem Pharm. 2020;18:100347. doi:10.1016/j.scp.2020.100347

Dutra EA, Oliveira DAG da C, Kedor-Hackmann ERM, Santoro MIRM. Determination of sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Rev Bras Ciências Farm. 2004;40(3):381-385. doi:10.1590/S1516- 93322004000300014

Sayre RM, Agin PP, LeVee GJ, Marlowe E. A Comparison of In vivo and In vitro Testing of Sun Screening Formulas. Photochem Photobiol. 1979;29(3):559-566. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07090.x

Dwyana Z, Syafaraenan S, Sartini S, Tasik JK. Immunoglobin Activity of Male Mice After Administration of Probiotic Isolate From Buffalo Milk [Aktivitas Imunoglobin Mencit Jantan Pasca Pemberian Isolat Probiotic Dari Susu Kerbau]. J Ilmu Alam dan Lingkung. 2017;8(16):31-36. doi:10.20956/jal.v8i16.2986

Cloud-Clone Corp. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit For Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) Organism Species: Mus musculus (Mouse) Instruction manual. 2013;1:2-9.

Devanjali B, S P, Patil AB, Jain V. A comparison of Natural and Synthetic Sunscreen Agents: A Review. Int J Pharm Res. 2021;13(01). doi:10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.524

Suena NMDS, Antari NPU, Cahyaningsih E. Physical Quality Evaluation Of Body Butter Formulation From Ethanol Extract Of Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Rind. J Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones. 2017;15(1):63-69. Accessed July 13, 2021.

http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/455

Netto G, Jose J. Development, characterization, and evaluation of sunscreen cream containing solid lipid nanoparticles of silymarin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(6):1073-1083. doi:10.1111/jocd.12470

Simões A, Veiga F, Vitorino C. Developing Cream Formulations: Renewed Interest in an Old Problem. J Pharm Sci. 2019;108(10):3240-3251.

Nur S, Sami FJ, Awaluddin A, Afsari MIA. Correlation Between Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Content of Extracts and Fractions of White Teak Leaves (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Against Antioxidant Activity [Korelasi Antara Kadar Total Flavonoid dan Fenolik dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun

Jati Putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan]. J Farm Galen (Galenika J Pharmacy). 2019;5(1):33-42. doi:10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i1.12034

Bhad PR, Bobde MV, G S. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artocarpus heterophyllus lam (Jackfruit): A review. Int J Clin Microbiol Biochem Technol. 2021;4(1):005-009. doi:10.29328/journal.ijcmbt.1001019

Shovyana HH, Zulkarnain AK. Physical Stability and Activity of Cream W/O Ethanolic Fruit Extract Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) as A Sunscreen. Tradit Med Journal2. 2013;18(2):109-117. doi:10.22146/tradmedj.8041

Geoffrey K, Mwangi AN, Maru SM. Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development, and regulatory considerations. Saudi Pharm J. 2019;27(7):1009-1018. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003

Santos AC, Morais F, Simões A, Pereira I, Sequeira JAD, Pereira-Silva M, Veiga F, Ribeiro A. Nanotechnology for the development of new cosmetic formulations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2019;16(4):313-330. doi:10.1080/17425247.2019.1585426

Permana AD, Utami RN, Courtenay AJ, Manggau MA, Donnelly RF, Rahman L. Phytosomal nanocarriers as platforms for improved delivery of natural antioxidant and photoprotective compounds in propolis: An approach for enhanced both dissolution behavior in biorelevant media and skin retention profiles. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 2020;205 (December 2019):111846. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111846

Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, D'Amico R, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Paola RD, Schievano C, Cuzzocrea S. Safety and efficacy of a new micronized formulation of the ALIAmide palmitoyl glucosamine in preclinical models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):254. doi:10.1186/s13075- 019-2048-y

Di Paola R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Britti D, Morittu VM, Evangelista M, Cuzzocrea S. Adelmidrol, in combination with hyaluronic acid, displays increased antiinflammatory and analgesic effects against monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):291. doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1189-5

Shin J-W, Kwon S-H, Choi J-Y, Na J-I, Huh C-H, Choi HR, Park K-C. Molecular Mechanisms of Dermal Aging and Antiaging Approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(9):2126. doi:10.3390/ijms20092126

Pittayapruek P, Meephansan J, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(6):868. doi:10.3390/ijms17060868

Devi M, Sunaryo N, Mansoor A. Antioxidant analysis of Artocarpus heterophyllus drink. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;733(1):012087. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/733/1/012087

Doloking H, Mukhriani M, Ningsi S, Tahar N. Flavonoids: A Review on Extraction, Identification, Quantification, and Antioxidant Activity. Ad-Dawaa’ J Pharm Sci. 2022;5(1):38- 63. doi:https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v5i1.29329

Lü J-M, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems. J Cell Mol Med. 2010;14(4):840-860. doi:10.1111/j.1582-934.2009.00897.x

Lim H, Kim H. Inhibition of Mammalian Collagenase, Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, by Naturally-Occurring Flavonoids. Planta Med. 2007;73(12):1267-1274. doi:10.1055/s-2007-990220