Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Thymelaea hirsuta and Anacyclus pyrethrum from Algeria against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Associated with Skin Infections http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i5.14
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Medicinal plants constitute a potential source of bioactive molecules which can provide a new source of antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections and to screen the phytochemical composition of Thymelaea hirsuta and Anacyclus pyrethrum from Algeria. For this purpose, four multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections were isolated from pus samples compared to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 were used. The antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts of both plants evaluated at two different concentrations (200 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) using the agar disc diffusion method revealed that all strains tested showed susceptibility to Thymelaea hirsuta methanol extract with the values recorded for inhibition zone diameters ranging from 11.00 to 25.00 mm at both concentrations: 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL. However, the methanol extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum showed an antibacterial activity only against the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Staphylococcus aureus 1 at the two concentrations 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL; Staphylococcus aureus 2 and Escherichia coli ATCC
259 at the concentration of 200 mg/mL). The phytochemical screening of methanol extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, quinones and terpanoids; and the absence of alkaloids and anthraquinones in both extracts. However, coumarin was found only in methanol extract of Thymelaea hirsuta. This finding showed a high efficiency of Thymelaea hirsuta methanol extract against multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with skin infections mainly staphylococcus aureus.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ki V, Rotstein C. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults: A review of their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and site of care. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2008; 19 (2):173-84.doi: 10.1155/2008/846453.
Elias BC, Pharm D BCPS (AQ-ID) and Allana. Infectious Diseases I.
The American college of clinical pharmacy. 2015. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, PSAP •
Kaye KS, Petty LA, Shorr AF, Zilberberg MD. Current Epidemiology, Etiology, and Burden of Acute Skin Infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2019. 68 (Suppl 3):S193-S199. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz002. PMID: 30957165; PMCID: PMC6452002.
Paudel P, Shrestha S, Poudel S, Tiwari BR. Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from pus and phenotypic detection of metallo β-lactamase activity of pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nepal J Health Sci. 2021; 1 (1): 8-15.
Trojan R, Razdan L, Singh N. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Pus Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Punjab, India. Int J Microbiol. 2016; 9302692. doi: 10.1155/2016/9302692. Epub 2016 Oct 30. PMID: 27872643; PMCID: PMC5107258.
Opatowski M. Résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques, apport du système national des données de santé. 2020; thesis , University of Paris-Saclay.
Ganfon H, Houvohessou JP, Assanhou AG, Bankole hS, Gbenou J. Activité antibactérienne de l’extrait éthanolique et des fractions de Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. et Perr. (Combretaceae). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2019; 13(2): 643- 651.
Nobel FA, Islam S, Babu G, Akter S, Jebin RA, Sarker TC, Islam A, Islam MJ. Isolation of multidrug resistance bacteria from the patients with wound infection and their antibiotics susceptibility patterns: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022; 84:104895. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104895.
Parekh J, Chanda S. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Flower (Lythraceae). Braz. J. Microbiol. 2007; 38: 204-207.
Elisha IL, Botha FS, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN. The antibacterial activity of extracts of nine plant species with good activity against Escherichia coli against five other bacteria and cytotoxicity of extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017; 17 (1):133. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1645-z. PMID:
; PMCID: PMC5329917.
Yahyaoui M, Ghazouani N, Sifaoui I, Abderrabba M. Comparison of the Effect of Various Extraction Methods on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thymelaea hirsuta L. aerial parts in Tunisia. Biosci. Biotech.Res. Asia. 2017; Vol. 14(3), p. 997-1007.
Elazzouzi H, Fadili K , Cherra A, Amalich S, Zekri N, Zerkani H , Tagnaout I, Hano C, Lorenzo J M, Touria Zair T. Phytochemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Activities of the Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag: A Systematic Review; Plants. 2022; 11, 2578.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192578.
Khan BA, Akhtar N , Rasul A , Mahmood T , Khan HMS , Zaman SU , Iqbal M, Murtaza G. Investigation of the effects of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula L. J Med Plant Res. 2012; 6(3):500-503.
Boussena S. Manual of practical work in bacteriology. Institute of Veterinary Sciences.
2019/2020. Mantouri 1university. 17. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 17th informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S
Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2007. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Iqbal PJ. Phytochemical screening of certain plant species of Agra city. J.Drug deliv .ther. 2012; 2, 135-138.
Smitha V, Vadivel V. Phytochemical screening of active compounds in Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) brogn. J. pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2019; 8 (3): 3556-3559.
Andrews JM; BSAC Working Party On Susceptibility Testing ft. BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;1:43-57. doi: 10.1093/jac/48.suppl_1.43. Erratum in: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Jun; 49(6):1049. PMID: 11420336.
Ibrahim N, Kebede A. In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous leave extracts of selected medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020; 27(9):2261-2268. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.047.
Kumar S, Pandey AK. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. Sci. World J. 2013 ;162750. doi: 10.1155/2013/162750. PMID: 24470791; PMCID: PMC3891543.
Li AN, Li S, Zhang YJ, Xu XR, Chen YM, Li HB. Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. Nutrients. 2014 Dec 22; 6(12):6020-47. doi: 10.3390/nu6126020. PMID: 25533011; PMCID: PMC4277013.
Desai S D, Desai DG, Kaur H. Saponins and their biological activities. Pharma Times. 2009; 41:13-6.
Hammuel C, Anyim BP, Raplong HH, Inekwe VU, Batari ML. Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Acalypha Racemosa Leaves. Aceh Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2014; 3(2): 117- 123. doi: 10.13170/AIJST.0302.07.
Rafailidis PI, Kofteridis D. Proposed amendments regarding the definitions of multidrug-resistant and extensively drugresistant bacteria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022; 20 (2):139-146. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1945922. Epub 2021. PMID: 34152887.
Van Duin D, Paterson DL. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community: Trends and Lessons Learned. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016; 30 (2):377-390. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.004. PMID: 27208764; PMCID: PMC5314345.
Kang CG, Hah DS, Kim CH, Kim YH, Kim E, Kim JS. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts from 8 traditional medicinal plants. Toxicol Res. 2011; 27(1):31-6. doi: 10.5487/TR.2011.27.1.031. PMID: 24278548; PMCID: PMC3834511.
Al-Bakri AG, Afifi FU. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration. J Microbiol Methods. 2007; 68 (1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.05.013. Epub 2006 Jul 10. PMID: 16831479.
Trigui M, Ben Hsouna A, Tounsi S, Jaoua S. Chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tunisian Thymelaea hirsuta with special reference to its mode of action. Ind Crops Prod.2013; 41: 150–157.
Deramchia N, Belhakem M. Antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts and essential oil from Thymelaea hirsuta. South Asian J Exp Biol. 2017; 7 (1): 35-41.
Kadi K, Hamli S, Zeraib A, Yahia A. Antibacterial effect of extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta L. Revue des Régions Arides n°43 – Special issue – Proceedings of the 5th International Meeting on Dry land and Oasis Cultures: Plant Biotechnology in Arid and Oasis Zones Zarzis (Tunisia). 2017 ; 43 (3): 409-419.
Felhi S, Chaaibia M, Bakari S, Ben Mansour R, Békir A, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Anti-microbial screening and cytotoxic activity of aerial part of Thymelaea hirsuta L essential oil growing in south-west Tunisia. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017; 30 (1): 87-91.
Bounab S, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Chalard P, Figueredo G. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Thymelaea hirsuta from Algeria. Biodiversitas. 2019; 20:10, 2868-2876.
Jalayer-Naderi N, Niakan M, Khodadadi E, MohamadiMotlagh M. The antibacterial activity of methanolic Anacyclus pyrethrum and Pistacia lentiscusL. extract on Escherichia coli. Iran J Microbiol. 2016 Dec; 8(6):372-376.
Tran HT, Le ND, Tran,H T, Tran, THT, Ngo MT, Nguyen VT, Nguyen K.D, Vu D, Tran CV and Le GD.Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from the Fresh and Dried Seeds of Lanxangia tsao-ko grown in Nghe An, Vietnam. Trop. J. Nat .Prod. Res. 2023; 7(2), 2426–2431.