Production of Antiseptic Solutions Containing Extracts of Momordica Charantia L. and Azadirachta Indica A. Juss and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity Against Microorganisms Associated with Folliculitis

http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.22

Authors

  • Adeola T. Ayilara Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
  • Tolulope O. Ajala Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
  • Taye R. Fasola Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan

Keywords:

folliculitis, antiseptic solutions, Azadirachta indica, Momordica charantia, Antimicrobial activity

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica and Momordica charantia leaves and their formulated antiseptic solutions against selected organisms associated with folliculitis. Ethanol extracts of A. indica and M. charantia leaves were btained and phytochemical analyses conducted using standard procedures. Antimicrobial tests on six microorganisms were conducted using standard methods. Three solutions each with varying percentage of extracts (1, 2.5 and 5%) were produced from the ethanol extracts of A. indica (FAi1, FAi2 and FAi3) and M. charantia (FMc1, FMc2 and FMc3) respectively through step-wise mixing. The antiseptic solutions produced were evaluated for their physicochemical properties and antimicrobial assay conducted on six selected microorganisms. The solutions were stored at 29 ± 4oC for 40 days and evaluated using pH, viscosity and organoleptic properties. The formulations were Newtonian fluids with pH compatible with the skin. FMc1 significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum (20.5 ± 0.7, 28.0 ± 0.0, 14.0 ± 0.0, 17.0 ± 1.4, 13.0 ± 1.4 and 15.0 ± 1.4 mm respectively) than others. FMc2, FAi1 and Gentamicin showed the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (22.00 ± 0.01) followed by FMc1 (20.5 ± 0.70), FAi3 (20.0 ± 0.01), FMc3 (19.0 ± 1.40), Dettol (18.0 ± 0.02) and FAi2 (17.0 ±1.40). Momordica charantia formulated antiseptic solutions were more effective than those containing Azadirachta indica. 

References

Habicht SD, Kind V, Rudloff S, Borsch C, Mueller AS, Pallauf J, Yang RY, Krawinkel MB. Quantification of antidiabetic extracts and compounds in bitter gourd varieties. Food chem. 2011;126(1):172-6.

Dans AM, Villarruz MV, Jimeno CA, Javelosa MA, Chua J, Bautista R, Velez GG. The effect of Momordica charantia capsule preparation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus needs further studies. J. Clin. Epid. 2007 1;60 (6): 554-9.

Saeed SA, Tariq PE. Antibacterial activities of Mentha piperita, Pisum sativum and Momordica charantia. Pakis. J. Bot. 2005;37(4):997.

Ogbuewu IP. Physiological responses of rabbits fed grade levels of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal [MS thesis]. Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. 2008.

Ebong PE, Atangwho IJ, Eyong EU, Egbung GE. The antidiabetic efficacy of combined extracts from two continental plants: Azadirachta indica (A. Juss). (Neem) and Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) (African bitter leaf). Amer. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2008; 4(3):239-44.

Paul R, Prasad M, Sah NK. Anticancer biology of Azadirachta indica L (neem): a mini review. Cancer Biol. Therap. 2011;12 (6):467-76.

Ghonmode WN, Balsaraf OD, Tambe VH, Saujanya KP, Patil AK, Kakde DD. Comparison of the antibacterial efficiency of neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. feacalis–An in vitro study. JIOH. 2013;5(6):61.

Chiller K, Selkin BA, Murakawa GJ. Skin microflora and bacterial infections of the skin. Int. J. Invest. Dermatol. Symposium Proceedings 2001. 6 (3), 170-174). Elsevier.

Winters RD, Mitchell M. Folliculitis. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Aug 11. StatPearls Publishing.

Saheed Y, Nasir MU, Abbas B, Bello RY. GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Spectrum of Stem Bark Extracts of Ficus sycomorus. Microbiol. Res. J. Intern. 2020;30(8):118-28.

Arekemase MO, Kayode RM, Ajiboye AE. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Jatropha curcas plant against some selected microorganisms. Inter. J. Biol. 2011;3(3):52.

Akinpelu DA, Kolawole DO. Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii(Schum).

Ajala TO, Eraga SO, Akin-Ajani OD. The gelling properties of Dillenia indica mucilage in benzyl benzoate emulgel formulations. Braz J. Pharm. Sci. 2022;58: e20263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e20263.

De Micco, M, Gragnaniello D, Zonfrilli F, Guida V, Villone MM, Poggi G, Verdoliva L, Stability assessment of liquid formulations: A deep learning approach, Chemical Engineering Science, 262, 2022, 117991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2022.117991.

Das A, Karmakar P, Kibria MG, Debnath PC, Islam MS, Sattar MM. Comparative phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of biological activities between aqueous and ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia L. fruits. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;4(6):739.

Salminen JP, Karonen M. Chemical ecology of tannins and other phenolics: we need a change in approach. Funct. Ecol. 2011; 25(2):325-38.

Ramadass N, Subramanian N. Study of phytochemical screening of neem (Azadirachta indica). Intern. J. Zoology Studies. 2018;3(1):209-12.

Muhammad A, Lawan IM, Abubakar A, Dangora II. Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leave Extract Against Some Clinical Isolates. Dutse J Pure Appl Sci. 2019;5(1b):97-104.

Adegbola R, Akinbile YA, Awotoye JA. Mormodica charantia Linn. a potential antibiotic and anti-fungal drug. Intern. J. Pharm. Sc. Inven. 2016;5(6):21-7.

Dwivedi SC, Dudey R, Tyagi R, Masand M, Advani U. Medicinal Bioactives as antimicrobial agents: an overview. Int. J. Pharm. Dev. 2011;3:24-30.

Francine U, Jeannette U, Pierre RJ. Assessment of antibacterial activity of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Med Plants Stud. 2015;3(4):85-91.

Rathod GP, Kotecha BM, Sharma R, Amin H, Prajapati PK. In vitro Antibacterial study of two commonly used medicinal plants in Ayurveda: Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). drugs. 2010; 9:10.

Loyd V, Allen Jr EO. pH and solubility, stability and absorption part II. Science and Technology. 2011;1(8).

Some IT, Bogaerts P, Hanus R, Hanocq M, Dubois J. Improved kinetic parameter estimation in pH-profile data treatment. Intern. J Pharm. 2000. 30;198(1):39-49.

Published

2023-05-01

How to Cite

Ayilara, A. T., Ajala, T. O., & Fasola, T. R. (2023). Production of Antiseptic Solutions Containing Extracts of Momordica Charantia L. and Azadirachta Indica A. Juss and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity Against Microorganisms Associated with Folliculitis: http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.22. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), 7(4), 2801–2806. Retrieved from https://tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/1889