Phytochemical Constituents and In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of some Medicinal Plant Extracts against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 Human Breast Cancer Cell L http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i3.6
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignancy, considered as a global and local health hazard. Searching for new naturally occurring anticancer medications with few adverse effects is attracting attention worldwide. This study aimed to screen the phytochemical components of ethanol extracts of eight Sudanese medicinal plants (Ocimum basilicum leaves, Mentha longifolia leaves, Linum usitatissimum seeds, Allium sativum L bulb, Nigella sativa seeds, Piper nigrum L. fruits, Zingiber officinale rhizome, and Foeniculum vulgare seeds), to evaluate and compare their cytotoxic effects against two types of BC cell lines and to estimate their safety toward normal cell lines. The extracts of the chosen plants were obtained using an ultrasonic-aided extraction process, and their components were characterized by GC-MS. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts were tested in vitro against human breast estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7, triple negative MDA-MB-435, and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) normal cell lines using the MTT assay. The ethanol extracts were found to be rich in varied phytochemical components. Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum ethanol extracts exerted the greatest activity against MDA-MB-435 with IC50 equal to 0.7437±0.31 and 16.78±2.47µg/ml, respectively. While Linum usitatissimum, Allium sativum, and Nigella sativa ethanol extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 type of BC cell line with comparable IC50 values of 2.008±0.18, 8.661±0.25 and 10.072±0.18µg/ml, respectively. All ethanol extracts showed weak cytotoxic effects (IC50 ˃ 100µg/ml) against HUVEC with high selectivity index (SI) values. These findings potentiate the need for further in vivo anti-cancer assessments for the active extracts and their components.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.
Yadav BS, Chanana P, Jhamb S. Biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer: A review. World J Clin Oncol. 2015;6(6):252-63.
Han Y, Xie W, Song DG, Powell DJ. Control of triplenegative breast cancer using ex vivo self-enriched, costimulated NKG2D CAR T cells. J Hematol Oncol. 2018;11(1):1-13.
Saberian M, Mehrabani K, Shahraki HR. Clustering time trends of breast cancer incidence in Africa: a 27-year longitudinal study in 53 countries. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(1):47–53.
Muddather HF, Elhassan MMA, Faggad A. Survival Outcomes of Breast Cancer in Sudanese Women: A HospitalBased Study. JCO Glob Oncol. 2021; 7):324–32.
Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Ali T.,Kanwal S., Shah, Sayed A., Ahmad R. Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: Nature’s healing touch. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018; 827:125–48.
Khalid H, Abdalla WE, Abdelgadir H, Opatz T, Efferth T. Gems from traditional north-African medicine: medicinal and aromatic plants from Sudan. Nat Prod Bioprospecting. 2012; 2(3):92–103.
El-Ghazali, G.E., El-Tohami, M.S. and El-Egami AA. Medicinal plants of the Sudan: medicinal plants of the White Nile provinces. National Centre for Research, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Research Institute.; 1994.
Stringaro A, Colone M, Angiolella L. Antioxidant, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mentha spp. Essential Oils. 2018; 5:112-125.
Yassin MT, Mostafa AA, Al-Askar AA. Anticandidal and anti-carcinogenic activities of Mentha longifolia (Wild Mint)extracts in vitro. J King Saud Univ - Sci. 2020; 32(3):2046– 52.
Saravanan R, Natesan R, Samiappan SC, Ramalingam S. Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Cancer Activity of Mentha piperita Against Mcf-7 Cells. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2021];14(3):1685–94.
Božović M, Pirolli A, Ragno R. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil and Its Main Constituent Piperitenone Oxide: Biological Activities and Chemistry. Molecules. 2015; 20(5):8605–33.
Zeljković SĆ, Šišková J, Komzáková K, De Diego N, Kaffková K, Tarkowski P. Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Mentha Species. Plants 2021; 10: 550-2
Adam ZA, Fadhil A, Omer A. Antibacterial Activity of Ocimum basilicum (Rehan) Leaf Extract against Bacterial Pathogens in Sudan. 2015; 3(8).
Ahmed AF, Attia FAK, Liu Z, Li C, Wei J, Kang W. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of essential oils and extracts of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2019; 8(3):299–305.
Hussain AI, Anwar F, Hussain Sherazi ST, Przybylski R. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chem. 2008; 108(3):986–95.
Fitsiou E, Mitropoulou G, Spyridopoulou K, Tiptiri-Kourpeti A, Vamvakias M, Bardouki H, Panayiotidis M, Galanis A., Kourkoutas Y., Chlichlia K.,Pappa A. Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Essential Oils Derived from the Greek Aromatic Plant Species Ocimum basilicum, Mentha spicata, Pimpinella anisum and Fortunella margarita. Molecules. 2016; 21(8):1069.
Chiang L-C, Ng L-T, Cheng P-W, Chiang W, Lin C-C. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005; 32(10):811–6.
Mata AT, Proença C, Ferreira AR, Serralheiro MLM, Nogueira JMF, Araújo MEM. Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of five plants used as Portuguese food spices. Food Chem. 2007;103(3):778–86.
Tohti I, Tursun M, Umar A, Turdi S, Imin H, Moore N. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) decrease platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin in vitro and rats arterio--venous shunt thrombosis in vivo. Thromb Res. 2006; 118(6):733–9.
Wu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Brennan CS, Anne Brennan M, Qiu C, Guo X. Comparison of lignans and phenolic acids in different varieties of germinated flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Int J Food Sci Technol. 2021; 56(1):196– 204.
Gillingham LG, Gustafson JA, Han SY, Jassal DS, Jones PJH. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr. 2011; 105(3):417–27.
Dwivedi C, Natarajan K, Matthees DP. ChemopreventiveEffects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil on Colon TumorDevelopment. 2010; 51(1):52–8.
El-khamissi H, Saad Z, Rozan H. Phytochemicals Screening,Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Garlic (Alliumsativum) Extracts. J Agric Chem Biotechnol. 2019; 10(4):79– 82.
Perez-Ortiz JM, Galan-Moya EM, de la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Rodriguez JF, Gracia I, Garcia MT, Miguel A, Rodriguez J F, Gracia I, Garcia M T, Redondo- Calvo, F J Cost Effective Use of a Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract in Combination with Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 2766 ;21(8):2766.
Khazaei S, Esa NM, Ramachandran V, Hamid RA, Pandurangan AK, Etemad A, Ismail P. In vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of Allium atroviolaceum bulb extract on breast, cervical, and liver cancer cells. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:5.
Tavakkoli A, Mahdian V, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review on Clinical Trials of Black Seed (Nigella sativa ) and Its Active Constituent, Thymoquinone. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017; 20(3):179-190.
Nickavar B, Mojab F, Javidnia K, Roodgar Amoli MA. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE FIXED AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF NIGELLA SATIVA L. FROM TURKEY. Curr Perspect Med Aromat Plants. 2018 ; 1(1):19–27.
Mahmoodi MR, Mohammadizadeh M. Therapeutic potentials of Nigella sativa preparations and its constituents in the management of diabetes and its complications in experimental animals and patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med. 2020; 1;50:102391.
Hebi M, Zeggwagh N, Hajj L, El Bouhali B, Eddouks M. Cardiovascular effect of Nigella sativa L. Aqueous Extract in Normal Rats. Cardiovasc aematol Disord - Drug Targets(Formerly Curr Drug Targets - Cardiovasc Hematol Disord. 2016;16:47–55.
Armutcu F, Akyol S, Akyol O. The interaction of glutathione and thymoquinone and their antioxidant properties. Electron J Gen Med. 2018 ;15(4):59.
Bumidin MS, Johari FA, Fikri Risan N, Mohd Nasir MH. The Effect Of Aqueous Extracts Of Nigella Sativa On Breast Cancer Cell Line Mcf-7: An In Vitro Study. Sci Herit J. 2018 Jan 1;2(1):13–7.
Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Cvetkovski A, Ruskovska T, Vidovic B, Atalay M. Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical? Curr Pharm Des. 2019; 3;25(15):1729–39.
Andriana Y, Xuan TD, Quy TN, Tran HD, Le QT. Biological Activities and Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils from Piper cubeba Bojer and Piper nigrum L. Mol 2019, 24, 1876.
Sriwiriyajan S, Ninpesh T, Sukpondma Y, Nasomyon T, Graidist P. Cytotoxicity Screening of Plants of Genus Piper in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Trop J Pharm Res. 2014; 13(6):921–8.
Okolie NP, Falodun A, Davids O. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and it's potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014; 11(3):221-7.
Sharma PK, Singh V, Ali M. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Fresh Rhizome Essential Oil of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe. Pharmacogn Journal,. 2016;8(3):185–90.
Munda S, Dutta S, Haldar S, Lal M. Chemical Analysis and Therapeutic Uses of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Essential Oil: A Review. 2018; 21(4):994–1002.
Sharopov F, Valiev A, Satyal P, Gulmurodov I, Yusufi S, Setzer WN, Wink M. Cytotoxicity of the Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) from Tajikistan. Foods. 2017; 6(9).
Ghasemian A, Al-Marzoqi A-H, Khalil S, Mostafavi S, Yasemin, Alghanimi K, Teimouri, M. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Essential Oils. 2022; 51:260-266
El-Garawani I, El Nabi SH, Nafie E, Almeldin S. Foeniculum Vulgare and Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil Mixture Triggers the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019; 19(9):1103–13.
Falodun A, Siraj R, Choudhary MI. GC-MS Analysis of Insecticidal Leaf Essential Oil of Pyrenacantha Staudtii Hutch and Dalz (Icacinaceae). Trop J Pharm Res. 2009 ;8(2):139–43.
Van de Loosdrecht AA, Beelen RHJ, Ossenkoppele GJ, Broekhoven MG, Langenhuijsen MMAC. A tetrazoliumbased colorimetric MTT assay to uantitate human monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against leukemic cells from cell lines and patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Immunol Methods. 1994;174(1–2):311–20.
Huebschmann H-J. Interview for Handbook of GC-MS. GIT Lab J. 2017;01–02:33474.
Adam M, Elhassan GOM, Yagi S, Senol FS, Orhan IE, Ahmed AA, Efferth T. In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of 18 Plants from the Erkowit Region, Eastern Sudan. Nat Products Bioprospect. 2018; 8(2):97– 105.
M. Stuffiness and J.M. Pezzuto 'Assays related to cancer drug discovery. In Hostettmann, K (ED), Methods in Plant Biotechemistry: Assays for ioactivity, vol.6. Academic Press, London. 1990; 71-133.
de Oliveira PF, Alves JM, Damasceno JL, Oliveira RAM, Júnior Dias H, Crotti AEM, Tavares DC. Cytotoxicity screening of essential oils in cancer cell lines. Rev Bras Farmacogn . 2015; 25(2):183–8.
Okut N, Yagmur M, Selcuk N, Yildirim B. Chemical composition of essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. subsp. longifolia growing wild. 2017 ;49(2):3.
Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Shaw S, Islam MA, Ahmed MI, et al. Phytol: A review of biomedical activities. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;121:82–94.
Sakthivel R, Malar DS, Devi KP. Phytol shows antiangiogenic activity and induces apoptosis in A549 cells by depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:742–52.
Komiya T, Kyohkon M, Ohwaki S, Eto J, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Kataoka, Tomoko, Yoshioka K, Ishii Y, Hibasami H. Phytol induces programmed cell death in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. Int J Mol Med. 1999; 4(4):377–80.
Foon Cheng S, Hock Chuah C. Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds from Genus Ocimum Liquid Crystalline Polymer View project. Artic Am J Appl Sci. 2009; 6(3): 523-533.
Kadhim MJ, Sosa AA, Hameed IH. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and bioactive chemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. J Pharmacogn Phyther. 2016; 8(6):127–46.
Abdel Bar FM, Khanfar MA, Elnagar AY, Badria FA, Zaghloul AM, Ahmad KF, Sylvester P W. El Sayed K A. Design and pharmacophore modeling of biaryl methyl eugenol analogs as breast cancer invasion inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010; 18(2):496–507.
El-Beltagi H, Salama Z. Evaluation of fatty acids profile and the content of some secondary metabolites in seeds of different flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.) Metabolomics, Biochemical and Computational Studies for the Bioactivity Assessment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Hail Region View project Dried Brown Seaweed’s Phytoremediation Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aquatic Environments View project. 2007.
Hu T, Linghu K, Huang S, Battino M, Georgiev MI, Zengin G, Li, Defang, Deng Y, Wang, Y. T. Cao, H. Flaxseed extract induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019; 127:188–96.
Priyadarshi S, Khanum H, Ravi R, Baskarrao Borse B, Madhava Naidu M. Flavour characterisation and free radical scavenging activity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) foliage. J Food Sci Technol. 2015.
Gavamukulya Y, Abou-Elella F, Wamunyokoli F, El-Shemy HA. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Ethanol Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Further Evidence for Its Medicinal Diversity. Pharmacogn J. 2015; 7(5):300–4.
Matin P, Hanee U, Alam MS, Jeong JE, Matin MM, Rahman MR, Mahmud S, Alshahrani M M, Kim B. Novel Galactopyranoside Esters: Synthesis, Mechanism, In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. Mol. 2022; 27(13):4125.
Shaban AM, Hammouda O, Ghazala LA, Raslan M, El-Magd MA. Ethyl acetate fraction of garlic (Allium sativum) inhibits the viability of MCF7 and HepG2 through induction of apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2018; 8(09):142–50.
Chamras H, Barsky SH, Ardashian A, Navasartian D, Heber D, Glaspy JA. Novel Interactions of Vitamin E and Estrogen in Breast Cancer. 2009; 52(1):43–8.
Isbilen O, Volkan E. Anticancer Activities of Allium sativum L. Against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer CellLines Mediated by Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. 2020.
Gopinathan P, Ahmed El-Wakil E, Abdel-Hady H, Nivetha K, Prasanna G. GC-MS and FT-IR Analysis of Nigella sativa L. Seeds Charact erizat ion and Evaluat ion of Ant imicrobial and Cyt ot oxic Act ivit ies of Glycine max Met hanol Ext … International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences GC-MS and FT-IR Analysis of Nigella sativa L. Seeds. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci. 2016; 3(6):45–54.
Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Hursting SD. Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship. Breast Cancer Res. 2015; 17(1):1–11. 65. Schley PD, Jijon HB, Robinson LE, Field CJ. Mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid-induced growth inhibition in MDAMB-231 human breast cancer cells.
Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Ngassoum MB, Geissler M. Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography, solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and olfactometry. J Chromatogr A. 2002; 976(1–2):265–75.
Buranrat B, Boontha S. Effect of Piper nigrum ethanolic extract on human breast cancer cell growth and cell migration. Pharmacogn Mag. 2019; 15(65):538.
Elkady AI, Abuzinadah OA, Baeshen NA, Rahmy TR. Differential control of growth, apoptotic activity, and gene expression in human breast cancer cells by extracts derived from medicinal herbs Zingiber officinale. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012; 2012.
Anwar F, Ali M, Hussain AI, Shahid M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan. Flavour Fragr J. 2009; 24(4):170–6.
Ghasemian A, Al-Marzoqi AH, Mostafavi SKS, Alghanimi YK, Teimouri M. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Essential Oils. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2020; 51(1):260–6.