Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Extract of Beta vulgaris Linn (Chenopodiaceae) Root Tuber
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i2.13
Keywords:
Ethnomedicine, Immunomodulation, Antimicrobial, PhytochemicalAbstract
The use of Beetroot in the treatment of microbial infections and as an immunomodulator in alternative and complementary medicine is well known across Africa. This study investigated the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of extract of Beta vulgaris (Beetroot) in folklore medicine. The immunomodulatory activity was determined by the in vivo leucocyte mobilization method in Swiss albino rats. The agar-well diffusion and spread plate techniques were used for the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The acute toxicity test and phytochemical analysis were investigated by Lorke and Harbourn methods, respectively. The extract of B. vulgaris caused a significant proliferation of white blood cells (WBC). The 400 mg of the extract per kg body weight of rats caused significant elevation (p < 0.01) of the WBC to 3560 /mm3 compared to 800 and 1750 /mm3 in the untreated and aspirin-treated groups, respectively. There was also a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the lymphocytes and leucocytes in the 200 and 400 mg of extract per kg body weight of treated rats compared with the untreated. The extract also elicited moderate to high inhibition of tested microorganisms with MIC of 1.64 - 20.12 mg/mL. The LD50 of the extract in treated mice was > 5000 mg/kg. Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and phenols were present in moderate to high concentrations. This study has supported the folkloric claims and further implied that B. vulgaris can serve as a promising source of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial lead compounds.
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