The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Ethanol Extract on Oxidative Stress in Sprague Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus) doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.7
Main Article Content
Abstract
Heat stress can induce DNA, lipid, and protein damage by releasing inflammatory mediators and metabolic reactive oxygen species. The antiradical activity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has been reported in several studies, but there is little information on the effect of its extract on heat stress exposure. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of red dragon peel ethanol extract on acute heat stress in Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Ethanol extract was prepared from red dragon fruits. Thirty rats were divided into five groups and treated for 14 days. Rats were fed a standard diet in the negative and positive control groups (K1 and K2, respectively). Furthermore, treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 received dragon fruit peel ethanol extract on the 14th day at doses of 400, 800, or 1,600 mg/kg BW, respectively. On the 15th day, heat exposure was used to create stress in K2, P1, P2, and P3. The oxidation state was determined by analyzing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The results of the MDA levels in rats in the K1, K2, P1, P2, and P3 groups were 19.50 ± 0.85, 49.30 ± 3.70, 20.65 ± 4.19, 20.37 ± 2.63, and 22.44 ± 6.68 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, significant (p < 0.001) values were observed in the K2 group, as well as nominal differences between the treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, red dragon fruit extract improves an oxidative stress biomarker in acute heat-induced stress rats. However, the impact is not dose-dependent.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Lan R, Li S, Chang Q, Zhao Z. Chitosan Oligosaccharides Protect Sprague Dawley Rats from Cyclic Heat Stress by Attenuation of Oxidative and Inflammation Stress. Anim. 2019; 9(12):1074.
Brownstein AJ, Ganesan S, Summers CM, Pearce S, Hale BJ, Ross JW, Gabler N, Seibert JT, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Selsby JT. Heat stress causes dysfunctional autophagy in oxidative skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2017; 5(12):e13317.
Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Suagee JK, Sanders SR. Nutritional interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of heat stress. Adv Nutr. 2013; 4(3):267-276.
Nerdy N and Manurung K. Spectrophotometric method for antioxidant activity test and total phenolic determination of red dragon fruit leaves and white dragon fruit leaves. Rasayan J Chem. 2018; 11(3):1183-1192.
Fidrianny I, Nadia I, and Rika H. Antioxidant profile and phytochemical content of different parts of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) collected from West JavaIndonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017; 10(12):290-294.
Rodriguez A and Delia B. Update on natural food pigmentsA mini-review on carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains. Food Res Int. 2019; 124:200-205.
Haitao J, Wanli Z, Xiangxin L, Chang S, Weibo J, Jiankang C. Nutrition, phytochemical profile, bioactivities, and applications in the food industry of pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) peels A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2021; 116:199-217.
Lourith N and Kanlayavattanakul M. Antioxidant and stability of dragon fruit peel color. Agro Food Ind HiTech. 2013; 24:56-58.
Wulandari E, I’tishom R, Sudjarwo SA. Therapy Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract to Increase the Number of Sertoli Cells On BALB/c Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Lead Acetate. Fol Med Indones 2020; 56(2):108–113.
Habashy WS, Milfort MC, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE. Cellular antioxidant enzyme activity and biomarkers for oxidative stress are affected by heat stress. Int J Biometeorol. 2019; 63(12):1569-1584.
Emami NK, Jung U, Voy B, Dridi S. Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver. Antioxid. 2020; 10(1):35.
Jacobs PJ, Oosthuizen MK, Mitchell C, Blount JD, Bennett NC. Oxidative stress in response to heat stress in wild caught Namaqua rock mice, Micaelamys namaquensis. J Therm Biol. 2021; 98:102958.
Tsikas D. Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges. Anal Biochem. 2017; 524:13-30.
Conrad M, Kagan VE, Bayir H, Pagnussat GC, Head B, Traber MG, Stockwell BR. Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes Dev. 2018; 32(9-10):602-619.
Al-Mekhlafi NA, Mediani A, Ismail NH, Abas F, Dymerski T, Lubinska-Szczygeł M, Verasilp S, Gorinstein S. Metabolomic and antioxidant properties of different varieties and origins of Dragon fruit. Microchem J. 2021; 160:105687.
Gaschler MM and Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017; 482(3):419-425.
Panjaitan RGP and Novitasari N Anti-diabetic Activity of the Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in ethanol extract against diabetic rats. Pharmacogn J. 2021; 13(5):1079-1085.