Chemical Composition of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum compactum and Vetiveria zizanoides Essential oils and their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i1.24
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Abstract
Thanks to their various compounds, essential oils (EOs) are promising innovative resources of
antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. This work aims to explore in vitro the antibacterial and
antioxidant potential of the volatile oils extracted from three Moroccan species: Thymus vulgaris,
Origanum compactum and Vetiveria zizanoides. The phytochemistry of these oils attained by
hydro-distillation was investigated via GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by
DPPH and FRAP assays. The antibacterial effect was assessed on Staphylococcus aureus and
Salmonella enterica using broth-microdilution method. Phytochemical analysis allowed to
identify 10 components for each EO. Caryophellene (19.93%) and carvacrol (15.35%) were the
main identified compounds in O. compactum EO, while T. vulgaris EO was dominated by
caryophyllene (17.925%) and thymol (15.127%). As regard V. zizanoides EO, longiverbenone
(27.31%) and longipinocarvone (26.87%) were the major compounds. The antibacterial screening
demonstrated that these oils exhibited significant inhibitory effects against S. aureus and S.
enterica with MIC values varying from 0.25 to 0.5% and 0.5 to 1% (v/v), respectively. These
values are close to those of positive control: tetracycline (MIC values = 0.5 and 0.25% (v/v),
respectively). The studied EOs presented promising antioxidant effects by IC50 values varied
between 93.10 ± 1.3 and 141.5 ± 2.41 µg/mL for DPPH assay, and between 131.79 ± 2.64 and
184.8 ± 1.02 µg/mL for FRAP method.
In light of this work, the volatile compounds of the studied plants could constitute a natural source
for antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Presented information could shed light into further studies
on these plant Eos.
Keywords: Antioxidant effect, Antibacterial effect, Essential oils, Origanum compactum, Thymus
vulgaris, Vetiveria zizanoides.
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