Cytotoxicity Evaluation and the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of the Root Extracts of Calotropis procera . http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i12.30
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Abstract
Health consequences following the unethical consumption of herbal products call for serious safety concern. This study investigated the cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of ethylacetate root extract (ETAE) and hexane root extract (HEXE) of Calotropis procera by applying the methods of Allium cepa and spectrophotometry respectively. Total phenolics content was concentrated in the root extracts, followed by total alkaloid and total flavonoids content. However, these phytochemicals were concentrated in ETAE compared to the HEXE. The results of the 50% inhibitory concentration obtained from the ferric reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl, showed that ETAE had stronger anti-free radical activity compared to the HEXE. Furthermore, the ETAE reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive species considerably than the HEXE. Exposing the onion bulbs to the test solutions (ETAE, HEXE and formalin), degenerated cells and amitotic divisions were observed after 72 hours of exposure compared to the 24 hours and 48 hours exposures. The formalin solution showed cytotoxic potential (reduced rate of root growth and mitotic index) in comparison with the root extracts, however, ETAE's effect was lower than that shown by the HEXE. Also, the root extracts induced chromosomal abnormalities like sticky, vagrant, bridge, elongated and enlarged cells which may be attributed to the interaction between the plant's alkaloid content and the onion's chromosomal apparatus. In conclusion, the plant's high concentration of total phenolics content may have activated both the anti-free radical and modulatory activity.
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