In vitro Antioxidant and Immunological-Associated Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Azima sarmentosa (Blume) Benth. & Hook. F
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i12.18
Keywords:
Phytochemical screening, Azima sarmentosa, Antiviral, Antioxidant activityAbstract
Azima sarmentosa (Blume) Benth. & Hook. F. is a halophyte, which has traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The in vitro antioxidant and immunological-associated activities of A. sarmentosa ethanolic extracts were evaluated in this study. The roots, stems, and leaves of A. sarmentosa were extracted with 70% ethanol. Phytochemicals were screened, and antioxidant activity was determined. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was examined on white blood cells, red blood cells, and the THP-1 cell line. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of extracts were analyzed for expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that root, stem, and leaf extracts of A. sarmentosa contain alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and stigmasterol. Phenolics and tannins were found in stem and leaf extracts while steroids were found only in the leaf extract. Higher levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were found in the leaf extract, in line with their antioxidant activities. All extracts showed no cytotoxicity to immune cells. Root, stem, and leaf extracts exhibited antiinflammatory properties by down-regulating TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-treated THP-1 cells. Moreover, root, stem, and leaf extracts also had antiviral properties by up-regulation of IFN-β mRNA expression. The down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 and up-regulation of IFN-β mRNA expression were also found in stigmasterol and taraxerone-treated cells. The findings of the present study reveal that crude extracts of A. sarmentosa have potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties that could be used to develop alternative therapeutic strategies.
References
Patcharapreecha P, Topark-Ngarm B, Goto I, Kimura M. Studies on saline soils in Khon Kaen region, northeast Thailand I. Physical and chemical properties of saline soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 1989; 35(2):171-179.
Sunintaboon P. Chemical constitutents of leaf and root extracts from Azima sarmentosa Benth and their biological activities. [Online]. 2009 [cited 2020 Oct 26]. Available from: http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/5375. (http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/5375)
Ohtsu A, Shibutani Y, Seno K, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Advanced glycation end products and lipopolysaccharides stimulate interleukin-6 secretion via the RAGE/TLR4-NF-κBROS pathways and resveratrol attenuates these inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages. Exp Ther Med. 2017; 14(5):4363-4370.
Cai C, Tang YD, Xu G, Zheng C. The crosstalk between viral RNA‑ and DNA‑sensing mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021; 78:7427-7434.
Dolganiuc A, Garcia C, Kodys K, Szabo G. Distinct toll-like receptor expression in monocytes and T cells in chronic HCV infection. World J astroenterol. 2006; 12(8):1198-1204.
Jiang MX, Hong X, Liao BB, Shi SZ, Lai XF, Zheng HY, Xie L, Wang Y, Wang XL, Xin HB, Fu M, Deng KY. Expression profiling of TRIM protein family in THP1-derived macrophages following TLR stimulation. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:1-11.
Larsen K, Green PS, Chayamarit K. Salvadoraceae. Flora of Thailand. 2010; 7(2):141-198.
Sankla N and Sunthamala N. Phytochemical screening, Antioxidant Activity and Ex Vivo Immunological-Associated Properties of a Halophyte Extract, Maytenus mekongensis In Sched. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(11):1949-1957.
Ayoola GA, Coker HAB, Adesegun SA, Adepoju-Bello AA, Obaweya K, Ezennia EC, Atangbayila TO. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria Therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 2008; 7(3):1019-1024.
Pan ZK, Fisher C, Li JD, Jiang Y, Huang S, Chen LY. Bacterial LPS up-regulated TLR3 expression is critical for antiviral response in human monocytes: Evidence for negative regulation by CYLD. Int Immunol. 2011; 23(6):357-364.
Aparna Sudhakaran V, Panwar H, Chauhan R, Duary RK, Rathore RK, Batish VK, Grover S. Modulation of antiinflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide stimulated human THP-1 cell line and mouse model at gene expression level with indigenous putative probiotic lactobacilli. Genes Nutr. 2013; 8(6):637-648.
Sunthamala N, Thierry F, Teissier S, Pientong C, Kongyingyoes B, Tangsiriwatthana T, Sangkomkamhang U, Ekalaksananan T. E2 proteins of high risk human papillomaviruses down-modulate STING and IFN-κ transcription in keratinocytes. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):1-11.
Alalwan TA, Mandeel QA, Al-Laith AAA, Alkhuzai JA. Complementary Practices of Herbalists in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Health Res. 2017; 31(6):487-499.
Poodeetip N, Homchuen S, Toparkngam B, Kong-ngern K. The Biochemical Substances in Plants on Salt Affected Area in Northeast Thailand, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. IJERD-International J Environ Rural Dev. 2013; 4:127-132.
Ullah A, Munir S, Badshah SL, Khan N, Ghani L, Poulson BG, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5243.
Kaurinovic B and Vastag D. Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids as Potential Natural Antioxidants. In: Shalaby E (Eds.). Antioxidants. London: IntechOpen; 2019; 38p.
Kaur N, Chaudhary J, Jain A, Kishore L. Stigmasterol : A Comprehensive Review. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011; 2(9):2259- 2265.
Bakrim S, Benkhaira N, Bourais I, Benali T, Lee LH, El Omari N, Sheikh RA, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A. Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Stigmasterol. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(10):1912.
Yuan L, Zhang F, Shen M, Jia S, Xie J. Phytosterols suppress phagocytosis and inhibit inflammatory mediators via ERK pathway on LPS-triggered inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and the correlation with their structure. Foods. 2019; 8(11):1-22.
Jayaraman S and Variyar EJ. Role of taraxerone isolated from Leucas lavandulifolia, as an immunomodulator. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021; 278:114307.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
