Bioactive Compounds Characterization and Antimicrobial Potentials of Crude Extract of Curvularia lunata, a Fungal Endophyte from Elaeis guineensis. doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i3.16
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Abstract
Bioactive compounds of microbial origin remain the frontline for novel drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Endophytic fungi are gaining much attention as reservoirs of bioactive compounds with beneficial therapeutic activities. The present study is focused on evaluating the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites produced by Curvularia lunata, an endophytic fungus of Elaeis guineensis. The endophytic fungus was isolated from healthy leaves of E. guineensis using standard methods and identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. The fungus was subjected to solid-state fermentation and secondary metabolites extracted using ethyl acetate and concentrated under a vacuum. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans using the agar diffusion method. The bioactive components of the fungal extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Crude extract of C. lunata at 1mg/mL displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, with inh ibition zones of 8 ± 0.6 mm, 2 ± 1.0 mm, and 10 ± 1.5 mm respectively. GC- MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, γ-terpinene, heptadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl, tetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester, p-cymene, oxirane (chloromethyl) among others in the fungal extracts. These compounds are known to possess several beneficial biological properties. Hence from the results of this study, the endophytic fungus C. lunata, isolated from E. guineensis produce interesting bioactive compounds that can be explored in the development of effective antimicrobials and other pharmaceutical agents.
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