Phytochemical Profiling, Antimycobacterial Activity, Time-Kill Assessment and Mode of Action of the Extract of Musa gracilis Holttum
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i3.13
Keywords:
Antimycobacterial, Field emission-scanning electron microscopy, Time-kill, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Musa gracilisAbstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global emergency, thus, there is need for new approaches to discovery more effective therapeutic agents. Natural products suggest a fascinating alternative in the search for novel antimycobacterial compounds. The indigenous people of Endau Rompin, Johor, Malaysia used the sap from Musa gracilis to treat cough. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of M. gracilis extracts and to investigate its effects on cell growth, as well as its mode of action on Mycobacterium smegmatis. M. gracilis pseudostem was sequentially macerated in hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Furthermore, micro broth dilution assay was used to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the crude extracts. Time-kill analysis and electron microscopy were carried out to assess the effect on cell growth and potential mode of action. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the phyto-constituents. This study revealed that ethyl acetate extract had the best Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.39 mg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values of 3.13 mg/mL. At just 8 hours after treatment with 3X MIC of the ethyl acetate extract, the viable cells count was reduced by about 99.9%. The images from the scanning electron microscopy revealed that the extract caused a disruption of M. smegmatis cells. Some phyto-compounds including phytol acetate, Vitamin E, and hexadecanoic acid assumed to be responsible for the biological activity were identified.
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