Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i3.12
Keywords:
Allium sativum, Garlic, Histology, Liver enzymes, Tissue changes, Wistar ratsAbstract
Allium sativum is the most commonly used food additive with a good dietary role and medicinal potential. However, its indiscriminate use may result in either a high or low risk of side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of garlic powder on some biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in Wistar rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats were used in the study. Garlic was obtained and prepared into powder form. The animals received 50 g of normal feed/50 g of garlic powder (Group A); 40 g normal feed/60 g garlic powder (Group B); 30 g normal feed/70g garlic powder (Group C); 10 g normal feed/90 g garlic powder (Group D), or 100g normal feed (Group E) for four weeks. The serum biochemical enzymes; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed. Histopathological examinations of the liver, small intestine, and kidney tissues were performed. The results indicated that significant (P<0.05) reductions in the AST and ALT activities were observed among the treatment groups compared to their baseline values. Meanwhile, SDH and LDH activities remained constant. Cytoplasmic vacuolation, congestion, and necrosis were observed in the liver tissues. Tubular atrophy and hypercellularity were observed in the kidney tissues with enlarged urinary space, while minor distortion of the crypts was observed in the small intestine of the rats. The findings of this study revealed that Allium sativum powder has hepatoprotective properties; however, it should be consumed with caution because uncontrolled use could have deleterious effects.
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