Antimalarial Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla(Willd.) Loes. in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i9.28
Abstract
Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur&Schinz (Poaceae), a perennial grass used traditionally in the
treatment of various diseases such as malaria was screened for antiplasmodial activity.The
leaves extract (200–600 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and
methanol; 400 mg/kg) were investigated for suppressive, prophylactic, and curative antimalarial
activities against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in Swiss albino
mice.Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as positive
controls.Thin films made from tail blood of each of the mice were used to assess the level of
parasitaemia of the mice. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by
chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection in suppressive (11.12–46.94%), prophylactic (19.20
–47.96%) and curative (20.65–75.06%) models in mice. These reductions were statistically
significant (p<0.01–0.001). They also improved significantly (p<0.01–0.001) the mean survival
time (MST) from 13.33 to 18.60 d in suppressive, 10.33 to 26.00 in prophylactic and 12.50 to
22.66 days in curative models relative to respective controls. The activities of extract/fractions
were not comparable to that of the standard drugs used (chloroquine and pyrimethamine) in all
the models.The leaf of S. megaphylla may possess antimalarial effect which may in part be
mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
Keywords:Setaria megaphylla, Antimalarial, Malaria, Plasmodium berghei.
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