Distribution and Abundance of Sand Flies in Five Selected Communities in Fez, Morocco, and Impact of Climatic Factors http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i9.10
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Abstract
Sand flies have been identified as mechanical vectors of the protozoan leishmania, which causes the parasitic disease leishmaniasis. The disease has become a major public health issue and is directly related to the state of the environment. The paucity of information on the sand fly inventory is limiting the aspects of the vectors’ epidemiology. This study was therefore conducted to create a taxonomic inventory of sand flies from April to September 2014 and to investigate the effect of climatic factors on their distribution. Sand flies were trapped in the study area, Fez in Morocco, using sticky traps saturated with castor oil for morphological assessment and relative abundance. The trapped sand flies were identified under the microscope using the determination key established by the guide of the Moroccan Ministry of Health. The obtained data were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method with the XLSTAT software. The results showed that Phlebotomusperniciosus was the most prevalent species (57.87%) among the 216 sand fly samples. Phlebotomus sergenti (22.22%), P. papatasi (14.82%), and P. longicuspis (5.09%) followed. Monitoring seasonal changes in sand fly species revealed a bimodal cycle with differing abundance peaks from one species to the next. A positive correlation was observed between temperature and the four species of P. perniciosus, P. sergenti, P. papatasi, and P. longicuspis. The findings of this study demonstrate that tolerance to the environmental parameters evaluated varies depending on the species. Monitoring the distribution of the sand flies will promote location-specific control campaigns against the vectors.
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