Influence of Basic Environmental Factors on Seasonal Variation and Distribution of Sand Flies at Ben Slimane Sites in Fez City, Morocco http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i9.7
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Abstract
Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported yearly in Fez, Morocco, although the inventory of
its responsible mechanical vectors remains undocumented. The present study was aimed at
investigating the impact of environmental conditions on the seasonal variation and dispersion of
sand flies in Ben Slimane sites in Fez City, Morocco. Samplings were conducted every fortnight
from March to September 2009 in five selected sites in Ben Slimane, Morocco. The collected
sand fly samples were preserved and identified. Also, monthly temperature and relative humidity
data were obtained from each site. All the data were analyzed statistically. A total of 13,081
sand flies of the Phlebotomus genus namely,P. perniciosus (52.58%), P. sergenti (30.14%), and
P. longicuspis (17.29%) were recovered. The seasonal activity of the total captured sand flies
reached a bimodal evolution for the three species collected. Its peak was in June (43.47%).
Phlebotomus perniciosus was found to be the most abundant with two peaks, the first was in
June (30.43%) and the second was in August (22.42%). Sand fly activity temperatures ranged
between 23 and 30°C in Ben Slimane sites, with relative humidity ranging from 30 to 70%. The
interaction between numerous climatic factors indicated that the period of activity and
abundance of sand flies are substantially influenced by the study site's climatic conditions. Sand
flies become more abundant as the temperature rises. The findings will help better understand
the dynamics of leishmaniasis transmission in Fez and will contribute to the design of a
surveillance strategy.
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