Evaluation of the Sweetening Effects of Thaumatococcus daniellii Fruits in Metronidazole Syrup Formulations doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i8.14
Main Article Content
Abstract
Organoleptic properties affect the acceptability of pharmaceuticals and patient compliance; many manufacturers argue that improving the palatability of liquid medicines with sucrose improves patient compliance. Chronic administration of sweetened liquid medicines increases the risk for dental caries and gingivitis in children and additional calories in adults. However, natural sweeteners could be non-toxic, non-caloric and non-cariogenic. This study aims at evaluating the degree of sweetness imparted by the sweet protein; Thaumatin, extracted from the arils of the fruit of Thaumatococcus daniellii (TD), in masking the bitter taste of Metronidazole.
Syrup BP was used as a reference. The fruits of TD was dried and pulverized. An extract was obtained from the arils of TD by
aqueous extraction. Viscosity, pH and flow rate of the extract were determined. Metronidazole oral syrup was formulated using either the extract or Syrup BP as the syrup base. The formulations were evaluated based on their organoleptic properties of taste, odour, colour and clarity as well as physicochemical properties such as flow rate, pH and viscosity. The extract was slightly acidic and has a viscosity of 16 ± 0.95 cP while syrup BP had a viscosity of 37 ± 1.65 cP at 100 rpm. The formulations containing Thaumatin extract had
sweeter and longer lasting sweetness than formulations with Syrup BP. Formulation containing the extract had a faint odour that was pleasant while Syrup BP formulation was odourless. The extract imparted better sweet taste and acceptable organoleptic properties to Metronidazole liquid formulations than Syrup BP.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Allen L, Ansel H, Popovich N. Solutions. In: Lippincott W (Ed.). Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer Company; 2014. 311 – 318 p.
Peres KG, Oliveira CT, Peres MA, Raymundo MS, Fett R. Sugar content in liquid oral medicines for children. Rev Saude Publica. 2005; 39(3):486 – 489.
Maguire A, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Butler TJ. Dental health of children taking antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial liquid oral medication long-term. Caries Res. 1996; 30(1):16 – 21.
Costa CC, Almeida ICS, Raymundo MS, Fett R. Analysis of the Endogenous pH, Acidity and Sucrose Concentration in Pediatric Medicines. Rev Odontol Ciencia. 2004; 19(44):164 – 169.
Sahgal J, Sood PB, Raju OS. A comparison of oral hygiene status and dental caries in children on long term liquid oral medications to those not administered with such medications. J Ind Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2002; 20(4):144 – 151.
Marquezan M, Marquezan M, Pozzobon RT, Oliveira MDM. Medicamentos utilizados por pacientes odontopediátricos e seu potencial cariogênico. RPG Rev Pós Grad. 2007; 13(4):334 – 339.
Pierro VC, Abdelnur JP, Maia LC, Trugo LC. Free sugar concentration and pH of paediatric medicines in Brazil. Commun Dent Health. 2005; 22(3):180 – 183.
Yeboah SO, Hilger TH, Krosche J. Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth: A natural sweetener from the rain forest of West Africa with potential income generation in small scale farming. J Appl Sci. 2003; 6:854 – 859.
Shalom NC, Adetayo YO, Samuel TP, Bolaji JD, Tamunotonyesia E. Analyses of the leaf, fruit and seed of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth): exploring potential uses. Pak J Biol Sci. 2014; 17:849 – 854.
Van der Wel H and Loeve K. Isolation and characterization of Thaumatin I and II, the sweet tasting proteins from Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth. Eur J Biochem. 1972; 31:221 – 225.
Zemanet EC and Wasserman BP. Issues and advances in the uses of transgenic Organism for the production of Thaumatin, the intensely sweet protein from Thaumatococcus daniellii. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1995; 35:455 – 466.
Onwueme IC, Onocli BE, Sofowora EA. Cultivation of Thaumatococcus daniellii. the sweetner. World Crops. 1979; 31:321 – 335.
British Pharmacopoeia. The pharmaceutical press, Her Majesty’s Stationary office: London, 2010.
Pant S, Malviya R, Sharma P. Extraction and characterisation of Boswellia sarratia gum as a pharmaceutical excipient. Polym Med. 2015; 45(1):25 – 30.
Ebere IO, Anthony OO, Kunle OO. Solid state characterization of Anacardium occidentale gum. Res J Sci Engr Tech. 2012; 4(19):3709 – 3719.
Ayorinde JO, Odeniyi MA, Oyeniyi YJ. Material and compression properties of native and modified plantain starches. Farmacia. 2013; 60(3):574 – 590.
Passos IA, Sampaio FC, Martínez CR, Freitas CHSM. Sucrose concentration and pH in liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2010; 27(2):132– 137.
Jani GK, Goswami JM, Prajapati VD. Studies on formulation and evaluation of new superdisintegrants for dispersible tablets. Int J Pharm Excip. 2005; 2:37-43.