Bio-Activity Investigations of Extracts of Different Parts of Lumnitzera littorea Voigt doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i8.8
Main Article Content
Abstract
The identification of active natural compounds from plants for use as therapeutic agents for
aquatic diseases could reduce the use of environmentally harmful chemicals. Lumnitzera littorea
is a plant in the Combretaceae family that thrives among mangroves. Although well known in
traditional medicine, there are only a few reports of the activity of various parts of this plant
against aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this work studied the phytochemical composition
of the stem-bark, leaf, twig, and flower of L. littorea extracts and further investigated the
antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic and
flavonoid contents were carried using the Folin-Ciocaltue and the colorimetric aluminium
chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2/-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
diammonium salts (ABTS) methods. The extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against
different pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi and V.
parahemolyticus) using the hole-plate diffusion method. The results showed the presence of
phenolic and flavonoid components in all extracts. Bark and twig extracts had greater total
phenolic and flavonoid contents than those from flower and leaf extracts. Significant antioxidant
activity was expressed by the bark and twig extracts. All extracts showed a wide range of
antibacterial activity against the tested organisms. Bioactive substances present in L. littorea
extracts exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities. L. littorea could be a potential source
of natural bioactive compounds that could be used to develop safe and environmentally friendly
pharmaceuticals against bacterial pathogens in aquatic animals.
Keywords:
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ashraf A, Zafar S, Ashraf, MY, Ijaz MU, Muzammal S,
Asad F, Jabeen F, Shahid M. Phytochemical composition
and potent biological activities of ficus benjamina var.
Comosa leaves extract. Pak J Bot. 2020; 52(2):531-535.
Ranjit R, Paudel S, Shrestha R, Maharjan J, Devkota D,
Bhattarai S, Pandey BP. Biological and chemical analysis of
five selected lichen species from Sagarmatha National Park
of Nepal. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(2):43-49.
Falodun A, Qadir MI, Choudhary MI. Isolation and
characterization of xanthine oxidase inhibitory constituents
of Pyrenacantha staudtii. Acta Pharm Sin. 2009; 44(4):390
– 394.
Egharevba E, Chukwuemeke-Nwani P, Eboh U, Okoye E,
Bolanle IO, Oseghale IO, Imieje VO, Erharuyi O, Falodun
A. Antioxidant and Hypoglycaemic Potentials of the Leaf
Extracts of Stachytarphyta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae). Trop
J Nat Prod Res. 2019; 3(5):170-174.
El-Mesallamy AM, El-Azim MHA, Mahdi MGM, Hussein
SAM. Chemical composition and biological activities of red
beetroot (Beta Vulgaris Linnaeus) roots. Egy J Chem. 2020;
(1):239-246.
Abed SA, Sirat HM, Taher M. Total phenolic, antioxidant,
antimicrobial activities and toxicity study of Gynotroches
Axillaris Blume (Rhizophoracea. EXCLI J. 2013; 12:404-
Bazzaz BSF, Khayat MH, Emami SA, Asili J, Sahebkar A,
Neishabory EJ. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of
methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of
Scutellaria litwinowii. Sci Asia. 2011; 37:327-334.
Bhatt S and Dhyani S. Preliminary phytochemical screening
of Ailanthus Excelsa Roxb. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2012;
(1):87-89.
Vittaya L, Chalad C, Khongsai S, Ritthiwigrom T.
Phytochemical Screening, total phenolic Content, and
antibacterial Activity of Derris trifoliata extracts. Thai J
Bot. 2014; 6:109-115.
Vittaya L and Chalad C. Effect of Solvents on
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activty of Leaf
and Bark Extracts from Rhizophora apicalata RMUTSV
Res J. 2016; 8(1):31-38.
Saad S, Taher M, Susanti D, Qaralleh H, Binti N-A, Rahim
A. Antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant (Lumnitzera
littorea). Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011; 4(7):523-525.
Kaewpiboon C, Lirdprapamongkol K, Srisomsap C,
Winyanuwattikun P, Yongvanich T, Puwaprisirisan P,
Svasti J, Assavalapsakul W. Studies of the in vitro
cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial
activities of selected Thai medicinal plants. BMC Compl
Altern Med. 2012; 12:217.
Vittaya L, Khongsai S, Na Ranong S, Junyong S. Leesakul
N. Radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of
Lumnitzera littorea fruit and flower. Proc Pure Appl Chem
Int Conf. Hat Yai, Thailand. 2018; NP78-NP82.
Wongsomboon P, Maneerat W, Pyne SP, Vittaya L,
Limtharakul T. 12-Hydroxycorniculatolide A from the
Mangrove Tree, Lumnitzera littorea. Nat Prod Commun.
; 13(10):132-1328.
Vittaya L, Aiamyang S, Ui-eng J, Knongsai S, Leesakul N.
Effect of solvent extraction on phytochemical component
and antioxidant activity of vine and rhizome Ampelocissus
martini. Sci Tech Asia. 2019; 24(3):17-26.
Vittaya L, Khongsai S, Ui-eng J, Chalad C, Leesakul N.
Effect of total phenolic and flavonoid content of
Ampelocissus martini on radical scavenging and
antibacterial activities. Agr Nat Resour. 2019; 53:154-160.
Vittaya L, Ui-eng J, Leesakul N. Effect of total phenolic
content on metal chelation and free radical scavenging
activity of Rhizophora apiculate. UTK Res J. 2019;
(1):82-89.
Vittaya L, Khongsai S, Ui-eng J, Leesakul N.
Phytochemical screening, phenolic content and free radical
scavenging activity of Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.)
Suresh stem and leaf extracts. Thai J Bot. 2016; 9(1):97-
Sritunyalucksana K, Gangnonnigw W, Archakunakorn S,
Fegan D, Flegel TW. Bacterial clearance rate and a new
differential hemocyte staining method to assess
immunostimulant activity in shrimp. Dis Aqua
Organ. 2005; 63:89-94.
Brantner A, Pfeiffer K, Brantner H. Applicability of
diffusion methods required by the pharmacopoeias for
testing antibacterial activity of natural compounds.
Pharmazie.1994; 49:512-516.
Eloff JN. A sensitive and quick microplate method to
determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant
extracts for bacteria. Planta Med. 1998; 64:711-713.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
Method for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for
Bacteria That Growth Aerobically. Approved Standard.
(5th ed). NCCLS.2000; 20:26 p.
Adebayo E and Ishola O. Phytochemical and antimicrobial
screening of crude extracts from the root, stem bark, and
leaves of Terminalia glaucescens. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol.
; 3(5):217-221.
Verma S, Mohan T, Revathy T, Suthindhiran K, Jayasri
MA. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of
selected plants. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 2013; 9(3):291-
Dua A, Gaurav G, Balkar S, Mahajan R. Antimicrobial
properties of methanolic extract of cumin (Cuminum
cyminum) seeds. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2013;
(1):104-107.
Souto AL, Tavares JF, da Silva, MS, Diniz de AthaydeFilho PF, Barbosa Filho JM. Anti-inflammatory activity of
alkaloids: An update from 2000 to 2010. Mol. 2011;
(10):8515–8534.
Sulaiman S, Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Sheh-Hong L.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of condensed
tannin from Rhizophora apiculata barks. J Chem Pharm
Res. 2011; 3(4):436-444.
Afzal A, Oriqat G, Khan MA, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry
and biochemistry of terpenoids from curcuma and related
species. JBAPN.2013; 3(1):1-55.
Premanathan M, Arakaki R, Izumi H, Kathiresan K,
Nakano M, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H. Antiviral
properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata
Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus. Antivir
Res. 1999; 44:113-122.
Miliauskas G, Venskutonis PR, Beek TA. Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic
plant extracts. Food Chem. 2004; 85:231-237.
Lim SH, Darah I, Jain K. Antimicrobial activities of tannins
extracted from Rhizophora apiculata barks. J Trop For Sci.
; 18(1):59-65.
Ghasemzadeh A and Ghasemzadeh N. Flavonoids and
phenolic acids: Role and biochemical activity in plants and
human. J Med Plant Res. 2011; 5(31):6697-6703.
Mouafi FE, Abdel-Aziz SM, Bashir AA, Fyiad AA.
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of
mangrove leaves (Avicenna marina and Rhizophora stylosa)
against some pathogens. World Appl Sci J. 2014;
(4):547-554.
Ravikumar S, Syed Ali, M Ramu A, Ferosekhan M.
Antibacterial activity of chosen mangrove plants against
bacterial specified pathogens. World Appl Sci J.2011;
:1198-1202.
Santhi K and Sengottuve R. Qualitative and quantitative
phytochemical analysis of Moringa concanensis Nimmo. Int
J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016; 5:633-640.
Scalbert A. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochem.
; 30:3875-3883.