Evaluation of Cancer Chemopreventive Potentials of Bixa orellana L. Leaf Extract
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i9.23
Keywords:
Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Isofistularin-1, Cancer chemoprevention, Bixa orellanaAbstract
Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae) is used in ethnomedicine for its anticancer/antitumor effects. This study evaluated the cancer chemopreventive mechanisms of B. orellana leaf extract. The methanol extract and fractions of the leaf extract were subjected to phytochemical screening. Inhibition of cancer initiation mechanisms was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and metal chelation in vitro assays. Protection against oxidative damage induced cancer was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress animal model. Inhibition of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis was
evaluated using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation. Characterization of the most active fraction was done using high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) technique. Among phytochemicals detected
in the extract, phenolic compounds and alkaloids were the most abundant. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the best DPPH scavenging activity with 73.16 µg/mL IC50 value. This fraction was also the most effective in chelating metal ions with 860 EDTA Eq/g. The extract and EAF at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant (p<0.05) inhibition of CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation with significant (p<0.05) increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity. Significant (p<0.05) inhibition of chronic inflammatory edema was also produced by treatment with ethyl acetate fraction from the 7th day. Serum nuclear factor-kappa-b (NF-KB) and interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly (p<0.05) suppressed by the extract and EAF. HPLC fingerprint of the purified EAF revealed Isofistularin-1 alkaloid as the most abundant compound. Phenolic compound – methyl gallate was also identified. B. orellana exhibited cancer chemopreventive potentials which can be explored in anticancer drug discovery.
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