Phytochemistry and Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous and Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Terminalia catappa
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.19
Keywords:
Terminalia catappa, Phytochemistry, Gas chromatography, Acute toxicity, Lethal doseAbstract
Terminalia catappa is a folklore plant used to treat infectious diseases such as dermatosis, hepatitis, scabies and leprosy. This study investigated the phytochemistry and toxicological activities of stem bark aqueous and methanol extracts of Terminalia catappa. The study was carried out in three phases; extraction, phytochemical profiling, and toxicity evaluation. Pulverized stem bark was mixed with water and methanol. The two mixtures were subjected to cold marceration procedure for 48 and 72 hours and concentrated with a Buchi rotary evaporator and freeze dryer. Extracts obtained were subjected to Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS single phase ion mode spectra of detected compounds were matched with spectra of known compounds of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The acute toxicity test was carried out using Lorke’s method to ascertain the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Thirty-nine (39) phytochemical compounds were detected by GC-MS single phase ion mode including 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Diethyl Phthalate, 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenol, 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol, Neocurdione and Octadecanoic acid as the most predominant. Acute toxicity test revealed that the LD50 of both extracts was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The study revealed that extract of Terminalia catappa contained various phytochemical compounds with reported medicinal properties. This study has shown that the plant extract is non-toxic and relatively safe. The plant can thus be used as a potential candidate for drug development.
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