Evaluation of In vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of the Methanol Root Bark Extract and Fractions of Bombax costatum (Bombacacea) in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.18
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Abstract
Malarial infection is a disease that has defied many therapeutic and chemopreventive interventions due to persistent resistance to currently available drugs. This has led to the need to search for new Antiplasmodial drugs which are highly effective, less toxic and cost effective. This study is aimed at the determination of the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Bombax costatum in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening and Oral acute toxicity studies were carried out using standard protocols. Antiplasmodial activity of the methanol extract was investigated using 4-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests, while the fractions were evaluated using the curative test only. The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract and fractions of Bombax costatum revealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloid, saponin and steroid. The oral median lethal dose was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The methanol extract at all tested doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) produced a significant (p <0.05) dose dependent reduction in parasitaemia levels in the curative and 4-day suppressive tests compared to the standard drug (chloroquine, 5 mg/kg). However, there was no significant inhibition in the prophylactic test. The chloroform and n-butanol fractions at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitaemia levels compared to the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions in the curative test. This study provides evidence supporting the traditional use of Bombax costatum in the treatment of malaria.
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