Antimicrobial, Antifungal and HRBC Membrane Hemolysis and Membrane Stabilization Properties of Various Extracts of Justicia gendarussa doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i10.5
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diseases of microbial origin are of important and utmost public health concern. This heightened concern is due to the increasing use of antimicrobial drugs and increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Presently, scientists have shown increased interest in the use of plant products against microbial diseases. Inflammation due to injury or age-related natural inflammation is due to denaturation of proteins. The plant Justicia gendarussa is used as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medicine. Consequently, this study evaluated Justicia gendarussa leave extracts as antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents. The study evaluated the growth inhibition of many bacterial and fungal strains as well as the membrane stabilizing effect by various extracts of this plant. The extracts inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus pumilus, B. cereus, B. lecheniformis, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus mutans bacterial strains, with the ethanol extract showing the highest inhibition as compared to water extract, whereas the petroleum ether extract inhibited the growth of only Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus pumilus, B. lecheniformis. and J. gendarussa. Petroleum ether, ethanol and water extracts also inhibited the growth of many fungi species, viz, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, Nigrospora oryza, and Aspergillus flavus. Among the extracts, the ethanol extracts showed the greatest inhibition against the growth of Aspergillus niger and Nigrospora oryza. All the extracts of Justicia gendarussa showed marked membrane stabilizing effect, among which the ethanol extract showed more membrane stabilization followed by water and petroleum ether extracts.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ayob Z, Abid-Samad M, Bohari SP, Samad AA. Bohari SPM. Cytotoxicity activities in local Justicia gendarussa crude extracts against human cancer cell lines. J Teknol. 2013; 64(2):45-52.
Raghu MG and Agrawal P. The isolation and structural determination of flavonoids from Justicia gendarussa. J Pharm Biol Sci. 2016; 11:73-79.
Moeso S and Agus P. Report of the trip to the Jayapura Sentani (Irian Jaya). Report No: 19. Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University. 1985.
Gusti A, Ratih M, Rendra I, Nugroho R. Phytochemicals of Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa) and Its Preparations. Nat Prod Commun. 2019; 5(2):1-10.
Shaikh BT and Hatcher J. Complementary and alternative medicine in Pakistan: prospects and limitations. Evid-based Compl Altern Med. 2005; 2(2):139-142.
Burke A, Smyth E, FitzGerald GA. Analgesic, antipyretic agents; pharmacotherapy of gout. In L.B. Brunton, J.S. Lazo & K.L. Parker (Ed.) Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2005. 671-715 p.
Santosh K, Sandur H, Sethi IG. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2- methyl- 1, 4-naphthoquinone) Suppresses NF-kB Activation and NF-kB-Regulated Gene Products through Modulation of p65 and IkBa Kinase Activation, Leading to Potentiation of Apoptosis Induced by Cytokine and Chemotherapeutic Agent. J Biol Chem. 2006; 23: 281(25):17023-17033.
Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS, Kreig NR. Microbiology, 5th edition, 34th reprint published by Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.; New Delhi. 2012.
Sakat S, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010; 2(1):146-155.
Govindappa M and Naga-Sravya S. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata. Hitch. J Pharmacogn Phytother. 2011; 3(3):43-51.
Patel DK, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic Property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 3(4):320-333.
Matthew J, Ilanko CA, Blonk B. Developing New Antimicrobial Therapies: Are Synergistic Combinations of Plant Extracts/Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics the Solution? Pharmacogn Rev. 2017; 11(22):57–72.
Oguntibeju OO. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities from selected countries and regions of Africa. J Inflamm Res. 2018; 11:307–317.
Gautam R and Jachak SM. Recent developments in antiinflammatory natural products. Med Res Rev. 2009; 29(5):767-820.
J, Paval, S, Kaitheri K, Potu BK, Govindan S. AntiArthritic Potential of the Plant Justicia Gendarussa Burm F. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2009; 64(4):357–362.
Sugumaran PP, Sugumaran N, Karthic KR, Seshadri S. Biomass Production and Antibacterial Activity of Justicia gendarussa Burm. F. a Valuable Medicinal Plant. J Trop Life Sci. 2013; 3(1):8-13.
Geone M, Correa F, Alcantara de C. Chemical constituents and biological activities of species of Justicia - a review. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2012; 22(1):220-238.