Ameliorative Effect and In-Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Methanol Extract of Burkea africana Stem Bark On Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i2.3
Main Article Content
Abstract
Burkea africana (Wild Syringa) is a wildly used plant in traditional medicine in Africa. It has been used for the treatment of hepatitis and other disorders. This study was aimed at investigating the liver and kidney protective potentials of the plant in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity in rats. Extraction was by cold maceration using 80% methanol. Thirty-six (36) rats were assigned into six groups of six rats each. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2 received silymarin and acetaminophen, group 3 received only acetaminophen. Groups 4-6 received plant extract at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.wt and acetaminophen. Blood samples were taken for estimation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin, serum urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione. Significant increases (P<0.05) in the serum liver enzymes activities, bilirubin (total and direct), urea and creatinine were observed, while total proteins and albumin were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the acetaminophen-treated group when compared to normal control. The extract-treated groups revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in the activities of serum liver enzymes, bilirubin (total and direct), urea and creatinine values, with a significant (P<0.05) improvement in serum total proteins and albumin concentrations. The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects observed are probably due to the antioxidant activity of the extract. In conclusion methanol extract of Burkea. africana stem bark may possess hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities and could be useful in the treatment of hepatitis and nephritis.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Rai N, Anil K, Navin K, Pankaj G, Kumar JS. Mechanisms involved in hepatoprotection of different herbal products: A Review. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2013; 4(2): 112-117.
Adil M, Amit DK, Pinaki G, Shivakumar V, Kiran SR, Subhash LB. Ameliorative effect of naringin in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in laboratory rats: role of FXR and KIM-1, Ren Fail 2016; 38(6): 1007-1020.
Solanki YB and Jain SM. Hepatoprotective effects of Clitoria ternatea and Vigna mungo against acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011; 6(1): 30-48.
Adam GO, Rahman MM, Lee SJ, Kim GB, Kang HS, Kim JS. Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed extract against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress. Asian Pacific. J Trop Med. 2016; 9(3): 39-50.
Singhai A, Dhananjay W, Dilpesh J, Rahul S. Hepatoprotective activity of Symplocos racemosa bark on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011; 2(3): 137–143.
Yücel R, Özdemir S, DarIyerli N, Toplan S, Akyolcu MC, Yiǧit G. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation in experimental hyperthyroidism. Endocrinol. 2009; 36(3): 498–502.
Aisha OM, Habatullah KU, Irisim T. Amina BO, Abubakar BA, Hadiza B. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies of methanol extract of Burkea africana stem bark Hook (Fabaceae). Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2018; 2(8): 375-379.
Maroyi A. Burkea africana Hook. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Lemmens, R. H. M. J., Louppe, D. & Oteng- Amoako, A. A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands. Available at: http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. Accessed Oct 26, 2018.
Ken F, Ajina F, Richard M. Burkea africana-Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved from http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Burkea+afr icana, Accessed Feb 23, 2018.
Mathisen E, Diallo D, Andersen ØM, Malterud KE. Antioxidants from the bark of Burkea africana , an African medicinal plant. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(2): 148–153.
Cordier W, Gulumian M, Cromarty A. D, Steenkamp V. Attenuation of oxidative stress in U937 cells by polyphenolic-rich bark fractions of Burkea africana and Syzygium cordatum. BMC Compl and Alt Med. 2013; 13: 116-125.
Al-Jaber NA, Awaad AS, Moses JE. Review on some antioxidant plants growing in Arab world. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2011; 15 (4):293–307.
Amom T and Vershima J. Phytochemical evaluation and antibacterial activity : A comparison of various extracts from some Nigerian trees. Peak J Med Plant Res. 2013; 1(2): 13–18.
Mair CE, Grienke U, Wilhelm A, Urban E, Zehl M, Schmidtke M, Rollinger JM. Anti-Influenza Triterpene Saponins from the Bark of Burkea africana. J Nat Prod 2018; 81(3): 515−523.
Schroeder I. A mechanistic study of organochlorine hepatotoxicity, University of Pretoria; Faculty of Health Sciences; Department of Pharmacology. December 2011: 1- 147.
Thomas L. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. (1st ed.). Frankfurt: TH-Books Varlas gesellschaft 1998; 652-656 p.
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. Tietz Textbook of clinical Chemistry. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company; 1999. 1838 p.
Newman DJ, Price CP. Renal function and nitrogen metabolites. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, (Eds.). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1999. 1204-1270 p.
Johnson AM, Rohlfs EM. Silverman LM. Proteins. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, (Eds.). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company 1999; 1204-1270 p.
Góth L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clinica Chimica Acta 1991; 196: 143-152.
Moron MS, De Pierre JW, Mannervik B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S- transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochem Biophys Acta 1979; 582 (1): 67-68.
Stocks J, Dormandy TL. The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol. 1971; 20: 95-111.
Gupta NK, Dixit VKC. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of cleome viscosa linn. Extract. Ind. J. of Nat. Prod. and Resour. 2009; 8(3): 288-295. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.48892
Pandit A, Sachdeva T, Bafna P. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity : A review. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2012; 2(5): 233–243.
Kumar G, Banu GS, Pappa PV, Sundararajan M, Pandian MR. Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portulacastrum L . against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 92: 37– 40.
Aba PE, Joshua PE, Onwondinjo RC, Uneojo V, Ezeasor KC. Clinical chemistry and haematological assessment of quail egg-pretreated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Anim Res Int. 2015 12(3): 2298 – 2304.
Lee WM. Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-isn’t it time for APAP to go away? J Hepatol. 2017; 67(6): 1324- 1331.
Du K, Anup R, Hartmut J. Oxidative stress during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Sources, pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential. Redox Biol. 2016; 10(3): 40- 60.
Rashid U, Khan MR, Sajid M. Hepatoprotective potential of Fagonia olivieri DC. Agai.nst acetaminophen induced toxicity in rat. BMC Compl Altern Med. 2016; 16(1): 16- 43.
Hodgman MJ and Garrard AR. A Review of Acetaminophen Poisoning. Crit Care Clin 28(4): 499–516.
Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals., 6th Ed. Elsevier Inc. 2008; 661 p, 890– 894 p.
Saller R, Meier R, Brignoli R. The use of silymarin in the treatment of liver diseases. Drug 2001; 61(14): 2035–2063.
Ahur VM, Adenkola YA, Saganuwan SA, Ikye-Tor JT. Ameliorative properties of aqueous extract of Ficus thonningii on erythrocyte osmotic fragility induced by acetaminophen in Rattus norvegicus. Vet Res Forum 2013; 4(4): 207-212.
Juma KK, Joseph NJN, David MN. Journal of Drug Metabolism and A Review of the Biochemical, Hematological and Histological Modulations in Acetaminophen Induced Hepatoxicity and the Potential of Urtica dioica in the Regeneration of the Liver. J Drug Metab Toxicol. 2015; 6(3): 1-7.
Majee SK, Ramadhan MA, Monthe W. Long-term toxicological effects of paracetamol in rats. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2013; 27(1): 65–70.
Simon RP, Patel H, Vashrambhai KK. Hepatoprotective activity of some plants extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. J Herbal Med Toxicol. 2010; 4(2): 101–107.
Adeneye AA and Olagunju JO. Protective effect of oral ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) against acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in rats. Afr J Biomed Res. 2008; 11(2008): 183–190.
Suchismita R, Shrabani P, Koushik D, Arpita M , Shreya M, Arpita P, Animesh S, Banadeb S, Dilip KN. Acetaminophen induced kidney failure in rats: A dose response study. J Biol Sci. 2015 15 (4): 187–193.
Dogukan C, Yasin B, Nurcan KB, Esen SK, Hasan TA, Fatma BKO, Mevlut SK, Zekai H. Paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats: the protective role of Nigella sativa. Pharm Biol. 2016 54(10): 2082-2091.