Mammogenic and Lactogenic Effects of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia and Resveratrol in Lactating Wistar Rats doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i1.2
Main Article Content
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ subjected to structural and physiological changes during the reproductive cycle of a female animal. The aim of this study was to carry out preliminary lactogenic studies of crude methanol extract (CME), hexane (HEXF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia, phytochemical screening of the CME and the effect of HEXF on mammogenesis in lactating Wistar rats. For preliminary studies, 18 lactating rats were treated with 250, 333 and 500 mg/kg each of CME, EAF and HEXF of L. taraxacifolia daily at 7.00pm and weighed. Twenty-five mature nulliparous lactating female Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 5 dams each. The dams in groups I, II, III, IV and V were treated by gavage daily at 7:00 pm with distilled water (DW, 2 ml/kg), metochlopromide (MET, 15 mg/kg), resveratrol (RES, 5 mg/kg), HEXF (333 mg/kg) and the combination of RES and HEXF (CO, 5 + 333 mg/kg), respectively. The administration commenced on day 2 through to day 16 of lactation. The results showed HEXF treated group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher milk yield compared to CME and EAF. Using thin layer chromatography (TLC), CME was positive for phenols, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of mammary gland tissue showed greater alveolar and ductal development in PLT group than in other treatment groups. Therefore, it is concluded that n-hexane fraction of Launaea taraxacifolia enhanced milk yield and mammogenesis than the other fractions when administered during lactation.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Mbanasor JA. Resource use pattern among poultry enterprises in Abia State, Nigeria. Nig J Anim Prod. 2002; 29:63-70.
Bincan JN. A review of government policies and programmes for livestock development in Nigeria. A paper presented at the national conference on livestock industry and prospects for the 1990s. Lugard Hall, Kad Nig. 1990.
Food and agricultural organization. World development report paper no. 2, Rome Italy. 1996; 51-54.
Ali M and Uche A. Dairy Marketing and Development in Africa. In Broklen, R.F. and Senalt T.P. (eds). Dairy Marketing in sub- Saharan African, Proceedings of a symposium held on 26th -30th of November 2003 at International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 2003; 45-73.
Tewe OO and Boganga M. “Post-harvest Technology in Nigeria livestock industry: Status challenges capacities. A presentation at the GFAIR workshop held in 17th – 21st September 2001 Entebbe Uganda cited 2010 june 11(Available from
http:/www.fosdnet.Cgiar.org/post%htm.). 2001
Mohanty I, Senapati MR, Jena D, Behera PC. Ethnoveterinary importance of herbal galactogogues - a review, Vet Wld. 2014; 7:325-330.
Behera PC, Tripathy DP, Parija SC. Shatavari: Potentials for galactogogue in dairy cows. Ind J Trad Knowl. 2013; 12:9-17.
Akers RM. Lactation and the Mammary Gland. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 2002; 278.
Capuco AV and Akers MR. Galactopoiesis effect of hormones and growth factors. In: Roginski, H., Fuquay, J.W., Fox, P.F., editors. Encyc Dairy Sci. London: Academic Press, 2003. 1452-1458 p.
Neville MC, McFadden TB, Forsyth I. Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion. J Mam Gld Bio Neopl. 2002; 7:49-66.
Pang WW and Hartmann PE. Initiation of human lactation: secretory differentiation and secretory activation. J Mam Gld Bio Neopl. 2007; 12:211-21.
Ahluwalia IB, Morrow B, Hsia J. Why do women stop breastfeeding? Findings from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system. Pediatr. 2005; 116:1408-1412.
Gbadamosi IT and Okolosi O. Botanical galactogogues: nutritional values and therapeutic potentials. J App Biosci. 2013; 61:4460-4469.
Asimov D and Krouze H. Composition and somatic cell count of milk in conventional and agro-ecological farm, Brazil. Livestock Res Rur Dev. 1991; 17:1734-1740.
Gabay MP. Galactagogues: medication that induce lactation. J Hum Lact. 2002; 18:274-279.
Yoshida K, Smith B, Craggs M, Kumar R. “Neuroleptic drugs in breast-milk: a study of pharmacokinetics and of possible adverse effects in breast-fed infants,” Psycho Med. 1998; 28:81-91.
Westfall RE. “Galactagogue herbs: a qualitative study and review,” Canad J Midwif Res Pract. 2003; 2:22-27.
Alamer M. “Effect of feeding fennel straw (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) on performance of lactating goats,” J App An Res. 2009; 36:61-64.
Burkill HM. The Useful Plants of West Africa, Families, A- D. Royal Botanic Gardens. (2nd Edt), Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom 1985. 960 p.
Rezaei R, Wu Z, Hou Y, Bazer FW, Wu G. Amino acids and mammary gland development: nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth. J An Sci Biotech. 2016; 7:20.
Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. 2008; OECD/OCDE. 425: 1-27.
Cai B, Chen H, Sun H, Sun H, Wan P, Chen D, Pan J. Lactogenic Activity of an Enzymatic Hydrolysate from Octopus vulgaris and Carica papaya in SD Rats. J Med Food. 2015; 00:1–8.
Sampson DA, Jansen GR. Measurement of milk yield in lactating rat from pup weight and weight gain. J Ped, Gastroent Nut. 1984; 3:613-617.
Halperin J, Dorfman VB, Fraunhoffer N, Vitullo AD. Estradiol, progesterone and prolactin modulate mammary gland morphogenesis in adult female plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus). J Mol Histo. 2013; 44:299-310.
Lorke D. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arc Toxicol. 1983; 54:275-287.
Tauheed AM, Shittu SH, Suleiman MM, Habibu B, Kawu MU, Kobo PI, Yusuf PO. In vivo ameliorative effects of methanol leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn on experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection in Wistar rats. Intl J Vet Sci Med. 2016; 4:33-40.
Lompo-Ouedraogo Z, van der Heide D, van der Beek EM, Swarts HJ, Mattheij J, Sawadogo L. Effect of aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica ssp adansonii on milk production and prolactin release in the rat. J Endocrin. 2004; 182:257- 266.
Mahmood A, Omar MN, Ngah N. Galactagogue effects of Musa x paradisiaca flower extract on lactating rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5(11):882-886.
Sternlicht MD, Kouros‐Mehr H, Lu P, Werb Z. Hormonal and local control of mammary branching morphogenesis. Dif. 2006; 74:365-381.
Wall EH and McFadden TB. Triennial Lactation Symposium, A local affair: how the mammary gland adapts to changes in milking frequency. J An Sci. 2011; 90:1695- 1707.
Truchet S and Honvo-Houéto E. Physiology of milk secretion. Best Prac Res Clin Endocrin Met. 2017; 31:367- 384.
Hammond KA. Adaptation of the maternal intestine during lactation. J Mam Gld Bio Neop. 1997; 2:243-252.
Dog TL. The use of botanicals during pregnancy and lactation. Altern Therap Health Med. 2009; 15:54-59.
Lee S and Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physio Endocrin Met. 2016; 311:405-422.
Sani NA, Kawu MU, Bako IG. Effects of Launaea taraxacifolia and resveratrol on milk yield and serum prolactin and oxytocin levels: A lactogenic study. Int J Vet Sci Med. 2019; 7(1):71-77
Mortel M and Mehta SD. Systematic review of the efficacy of herbal galactogogues. J Hum. Lact. 2013; 29: 154-162.