Innovative Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Loaded with Carrot Seed Essential Oil for Potential Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection
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The discovery of natural sun protection and antioxidant agents is vital, but the low bioavailability of these ingredients often limits their use. This study aimed to formulate and characterize a serum containing SLN-CSEO-APs (solid lipid nanoparticle-carrot seed essential oil) with anti-aging and photoprotective properties to evaluate its antioxidant and sun protection effects. SLN was prepared using hot homogenization, heating lipids above their melting point, and dissolving the emulsifier in water. The physical characteristics, stability, antioxidant activity, and sun protection efficacy of the serum were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS methods, while sun protection was measured by ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) protection. SLN-CSEO-APs serum showed a spherical morphology with a particle size of 257.12 nm ± 28.82, a polydispersity index of 0.50 PDI ± 0.00, and a zeta potential of -23.19 mV ± 0.81. The serum hydrogel had a pH within the physiological range for skin, with optimal viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Over time, serum stability decreased, as indicated by the reduction in all parameters. The serum demonstrated strong antioxidant potential, with IC50 values for ABTS and the positive control closely matched. Antioxidant activity was moderate, with values of 0.157 mg AAE/g dw for DPPH and 0.644 mg TE/g dw for ABTS. UVB protection was medium (13.549 ± 0.827), and UVA showed PA++ (4.202 ± 0.040). SLN-CSEO-APs serum provides significant antioxidant and sun protection, making it a promising skincare ingredient.
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