Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Red Seaweed Corallina elongata (Syn. Ellisolandia elongata) from the Mediterranean Sea (Algeria)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i8.8Keywords:
Red seaweeds, Corallina elongata, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, AntimicrobialAbstract
In recent years, seaweeds have garnered significant attention due to their chemical and bioactive properties, presenting an avenue for the discovery of novel molecules with valuable applications. Among the major metabolites of seaweeds are phenolic compounds, which exhibit the greatest structural diversity. This study aimed to assess the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various solvent (hexane, chloroform, methanol and water) extracts of the red seaweed Corallina elongata, sourced from the Algerian West Coast. The phytoconstituents of the methanol extract were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS), followed by quantitative evaluation of the total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phenanthroline assays. The antimicrobial potential was assessed using the disc diffusion method. HPLC-ESI-MS-MS analysis identified 21 compounds, with p-hydroxy coumaric acid as the major compound. The methanol extract displayed the highest phenolic content (142.44 µg GAE/mg extract), while the aqueous extract had the highest flavonoid and condensed tannin contents (23.32 µg QE/mg extract and 20.00 mg CE/g extract, respectively). The aqueous extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 148.15, 27.01, and 45.85 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, and phenanthroline assays, respectively. Both the aqueous and methanol extracts demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.83 to 20.66 mm. Overall, the aqueous and methanol seaweed extracts proved to be the most effective, highlighting their potential as sources of bioactive compounds.
References
Pacheco D, García-Poza S, Cotas J, Gonçalves AM, Pereira L. Fucoidan - A Valuable Source from the Ocean to Pharmaceutical. Front Drug Chem Clin Res. 2020; 3:1-4.
Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa. Mar Drugs. 2023; 21(5):278.
Freitas MV, Pacheco D, Cotas J, Mouga T, Afonso C, Pereira L. Red Seaweed Pigments from a Biotechnological Perspective. Phycol. 2021; 2(1):1-29.
Hughey JR, Maggs CA, Mineur F, Jarvis C, Miller KA, Shabaka SH, Gabrielson PW. Genetic Analysis of the Lomentariaceae (Lomentariales, Phaeophyceae) Supports Recognition of Euthora and Lomentaria sensu lato. J Phycol. 2019; 55(1):43-59.
Kalasariya HS and Pereira L. Role of Seaweed as a Functional Ingredients in Nutraceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Edible Salts. In: Recent Advances in Seaweed Biotechnology, Springer Nature Singapore, 2025; 347-390p.
Senadheera TR, Hossain A, Shahidi F. Marine Bioactives and Their Application in the Food Industry: A Review. Appl Sci. 2023; 13(21):12088.
Cotas J, Leandro A, Monteiro P, Pacheco D, Figueirinha A, Gonçalves AM, da Silva GJ, Pereira L. Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications. Mar Drugs. 2020; 18(8):384.
Aina O, Bakare OO, Daniel AI, Gokul A, Beukes DR, Fadaka AO, Keyster M, Klein A. Seaweed-Derived Phenolic Compounds in Growth Promotion and Stress Alleviation in Plants. Life. 2022; 12(10):1548.
Carpena M, Pereira CS, Silva A, Barciela P, Jorge AO, Perez-Vazquez A, Pereira AG, Barreira JC, Oliveira MB, Prieto MA. Metabolite Profiling of Macroalgae: Biosynthesis and Beneficial Biological Properties of Active Compounds. Mar Drugs. 2024; 22(10):478.
Tziveleka LA, Tammam MA, Tzakou O, Roussis V, Ioannou E. Metabolites with Antioxidant Activity from Marine Macroalgae. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(9):1431.
Müller L, Gnoyke S, Popken AM, Böhm V. Antioxidant Capacity and Related Parameters of Different Fruit Formulations. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2010; 43(6):992-999.
Topçu G, Ay M, Bilici A, Sarıkürkcü C, Öztürk M, Ulubelen A. A New Flavone from Antioxidant Extracts of Pistacia terebinthus. Food Chem. 2007; 103(3):816-822.
Price ML, Van Scoyoc S, Butler LG. A Critical Evaluation of the Vanillin Reaction as an Assay for Tannin in Sorghum Grain. J Agric Food Chem. 1978; 26(5):1214-1218.
Bouchoukh I, Hazmoune T, Boudelaa M, Bensouici C, Zellagui A. Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Foliar Extract from a Tropical Species: L. (Myrtaceae) Grown in Algeria. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2019; 32(3):160-167.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant Activity Applying an Improved ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999; 26(9-10):1231-1237.
Okafor CE, Ijoma IK, Igboamalu CA, Ezebalu CE, Eze CF, Osita-Chikeze JC, Uzor CE, Ekwuekwe AL. Secondary Metabolites, Spectra Characterization, and Antioxidant Correlation Analysis of the Polar and Nonpolar Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. BioTechnologia.
2024; 105(2):121-136.
Szydłowska-Czerniak A, Dianoczki C, Recseg K, Karlovits G, Szłyk E. Determination of Antioxidant Capacities of Vegetable Oils by Ferric-Ion Spectrophotometric Methods. Talanta. 2008; 76(4):899-905.
Ijoma KI and Ajiwe VI. Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemicals in Ficus thonningii Leaves Extracts Against Some Selected Pathogenic Bacterial Prevalent in Sickle Cell Anemia. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2023; 16(2):345-355.
Mignanwandé ZF, Johnson RC, Hounkpatin AS, Boni G, Houndeton AG, Houéto EE, Kpètèhoto WH, Amoussa MO. Antibacterial Activities of the Ethanolic Extract of Crateva adansonii DC. (Capparidaceae) Harvested in Dassa-Zoumè in Central Bénin. Open J Med Microbiol. 2020; 10(2):46-57.
Pourakbar L, Moghaddam SS, Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Antifungal Activity of the Extract of a Macroalgae, Gracilariopsis persica, Against Four Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Plants. 2021; 10(9):1781.
Gunathilake T, Akanbi TO, Suleria HA, Nalder TD, Francis DS, Barrow CJ. Seaweed Phenolics as Natural Antioxidants, Aquafeed Additives, Veterinary Treatments, and Cross-Linkers for Microencapsulation. Mar Drugs. 2022; 20(7):445.
Li Z, Wang B, Zhang Q, Qu Y, Xu H, Li G. Preparation and Antioxidant Property of Extract and Semipurified Fractions of Caulerpa racemosa. J Appl Phycol. 2012; 24:1527-1536.
Elmosallamy AMD, Amer TN, Mohamed SZ, Ali YM, Hussein SAA. Phytochemical Constituents of Ulva lactuca and Supplementation to Improve the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Haemato-Biochemical Status. Egypt J Chem. 2021; 64(5):2663-2670.
Santos SA, Félix R, Pais AC, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJ. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(12):847.
Onofrejová L, Vašíčková J, Klejdus B, Stratil P, Mišurcová L, Kráčmar S, Kopecký J, Vacek J. Bioactive Phenols in Algae: The Application of Pressurized-Liquid and Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010; 51(2):464-470.
Zouaoui B and Ghalem BR. The Phenolic Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Marine Algae from the Mediterranean Sea (Algeria). Russ J Mar Biol. 2017; 43:491-495.
Pinteus S, Silva J, Alves C, Horta A, Fino N, Rodrigues AI, Mendes S, Pedrosa R. Cytoprotective Effect of Seaweeds with High Antioxidant Activity from the Peniche Coast (Portugal). Food Chem. 2017; 218:591-599.
Oucif H, Adjout R, Sebahi R, Boukortt FO, Ali-Mehidi S, Abi-Ayad SME. Comparison of In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Some Selected Seaweeds from Algerian West Coast. Afr J Biotechnol. 2017; 16(26):1474-1480.
Aydin B. Antioxidant Properties of Some Macroalgae Harvested from The Iskenderun Bay Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull. 2022; 31(2):2145-2152.
Lezoul NE, Belkadi M, Habibi F, Guillén F. Extraction Processes with Several Solvents on Total Bioactive Compounds in Different Organs of Three Medicinal Plants. Molecules. 2020; 25(20):4672.
Kosanić M, Ranković B, Stanojković T. Biological Activities of Two Macroalgae From Adriatic Coast of Montenegro. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015; 22(4):390-397.
Sahnouni F, Debib A, Saim S, Bouhadi D, Menadi S. Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Three Red Macroalgae From Algerian West Coast. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(2):336-341.
Hsaine L, Samri N, Klifi S. Phenolic Compounds and Radical Scavenging Activity of Red Seaweeds Harvested from the Atlantic Coast of Sidi Bouzid, Morocco. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2019; 56(1):73-81.
Stanojković TP, Konić-Ristić A, Kljajić Z, Grozdanić-Stanisavljević N, Srdić-Rajić T, Zdunić G, Šavikin K. Antioxidant, Antiplatelet and Cytotoxic Activity of Extract of Cystoseira amentacea From the Coast of Montenegro (South-East Adriatic Sea). Dig J Nanomater Biostruct. 2014; 9:869-880.
Khairy HM, El-Sheikh MA. Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Three Mediterranean Common Seaweeds from Abu-Qir Bay, Egypt. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015; 22(5):623-630.
Alghazeer R, Howell NK, El-Naili MB, Awayn N. Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Some Algae from Western Libyan Coast. Nat Sci. 2018; 10(07):232.
Saeed A, Abotaleb S, Alam N, ElMehalawy A, Gheda S. In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Some Marine Macroalgae. Egypt J Chem. 2020; 60(1):81-96.
Cabrita MT, Vale C, Rauter AP. Halogenated Compounds from Marine Algae. Mar Drugs. 2010; 8(8):2301-2317.
Seenivasan R, Indu H, Archana G, Geetha S. The Antibacterial Activity of Some Marine Algae from Southeast Coast of India. J Pharm Res. 2010; 3(8):1907-1911.
Nithya P and Dhanalakshmi B. Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extracts from Selected Seaweed of Southeast Coast of India. Int J Adv Res. 2016; 2:714-718.
Soliman AS, Ahmed AY, Abdel-Ghafour SE, El-Sheekh MM, Sobhy HM. Antifungal Bio-Efficacy of the Red Algae Gracilaria confervoides Extracts Against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Cucumber Plant. Middle East J Appl Sci. 2018; 8(3):727-735.
Shan B, Cai YZ, Brooks JD, Corke H. The In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Dietary Spice and Medicinal Herb Extracts. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007; 117(1):112-119.
Boussaada O, Ammar S, Saidana D, Chriaa J, Chraif I, Daami M, Helal AN, Mighri Z. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Components from Capitula and Aerial Parts of Rhaponticum acaule DC Growing Wild in Tunisia. Microbiol Res. 2008; 163(1):87-95.
Tian F, Li B, Ji B, Yang J, Zhang G, Chen Y, Luo Y. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Consecutive Extracts from Galla chinensis: The Polarity Affects the Bioactivities. Food Chem. 2009; 113(1):173-179.
Devi GK, Manivannan K, Anantharaman P. Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Seaweeds Occurring Along the Coast of Mandapam, India Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. J Coast Life Med. 2014; 2(3):196-202.
El-Shora HM, El-Amier YA, Awad MH. Antimicrobial Activity and Allelopathic Potential of Zygophyllum coccineum L. on Chenopodium album L. Br J Appl Sci Technol. 2016; 15(5).
Sebaaly C, Kassem S, Grishina E, Kanaan H, Sweidan A, Chmit MS, Kanaan HM. Anticoagulant and Antibacterial Activities of Polysaccharides of Red Algae Corallina Collected from Lebanese Coast. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2014; 4(4):30-37.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
