Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Inflammatory, In Vitro Wound Healing Potentials and Phenolic Content of Phlomis Crinita Cav. Extracts
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Phlomis crinita Cav. (P. crinita), a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, is widely used as a natural remedy in traditional North African and Southern European folk medicine to treat lesions and burns through the application of its leaves This study aimed to investigate its biological activities, including antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Hydromethanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves, flowers, and rhizomes. Phytochemical analysis determined total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (FC). Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against five human tumor cell lines (AGS, Caco-2, HeLa, MCF-7, and NCI-H460), each derived from a carcinoma of a distinct organ. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The wound-healing potential was evaluated using the scratch assay. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant variations in TPC and FC among the extracts, with the rhizome extract exhibiting the highest levels: TPC: 128.15 μg GAE/mg DW and FC: 46.91 μg QE/mg DW. All extracts demonstrated antiproliferative activity against the tumor cell lines, with the rhizome extract showing the most potent growth inhibition (GI50: 178.11 ± 4.10 μg/mL against AGS). The rhizome extract also exhibited the most potent inhibition of nitric oxide production (IC50: 152.42 ± 10.88 μg/mL) compared to the other extracts tested. In the wound-healing assay, leaf extract demonstrated comparable healing effects to Allantoin, a known wound-healing agent. Our findings support the notion that P. crinita can be considered a promising source of therapeutic bioactive compounds.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Karunamoorthi K, Jegajeevanram K, Vijayalakshmi J, Mengestie E. Traditional Medicinal Plants: A Source of Phytotherapeutic Modality in Resource-Constrained Health Care Settings. J Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 18(1):67-74.
Chaachouay N, Zidane L. Plant-derived natural products: A source for drug discovery and development. Drugs Drug Candidates. 2024; 3(1).
Lamotte Y. Design, synthèse et évaluation biologique de mimes du paclitaxel dérivés de la proline [PhD thesis]. Paris: Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI; 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01692689/
Li MX, Shang XF, Jia ZP, Zhang RX. Phytochemical and biological studies of plants from the genus Phlomis. Chem Biodivers. 2010; 7(2): 283-301.
Limem I, Harizi H, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Leaf extracts from Phlomis crinita Cav. subs. mauritanica Munby affect immune cell functions in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2011; 33(2): 223-228.
Baali F, Boudjelal A, Smeriglio A, Righi N, Djemouai N, Deghima A, Bouafia Z, Trombetta D. Phlomis crinita Cav. from Algeria: A source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant and wound healing activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024; 331: 118295.
Stefanakis MK, Tsiftsoglou OS, Mašković PZ, Lazari D, Katerinopoulos HE. Chemical constituents and anticancer activities of the extracts from Phlomis × commixta Rech.F.(P.cretica × P.lanata). Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(2): 816.
Amor IL-B, Boubaker J, Sgaier MB, Skandrani I, Bhouri W, Neffati A, Kilani S, Bouhlel I, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Phytochemistry and biological activities of Phlomis species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 125(2): 181-188.
Çalış İ, Başer KH. Review of studies on Phlomis and Eremostachys species (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and essential oils. Planta Med. 2021; 87(14): 1128-1151.
Boutennoun H, Boussouf L, Balli N, Makhlouf L, Madani K, Desdous N, Bouchefifa F, Boudehane E, Al-Qaoud K. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydro-methanolic extract of Phlomis crinita from North Algeria. J Jordan Chem. 2023; 18(2).
Merouane A, Fellag S, Noui A. Variation of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in organs and populations of Phlomis crinita L. Rev Cubana Plant Med. 2020; 25(4).
Boutennoun H, Boussouf L, Balli N, Makhlouf LB, Madani K, Al-Qaoud K. In vivo assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Phlomis crinita polyphenols. Eur J Biol Res. 2023; 13(2).
Amor IL-B, Skandrani I, Boubaker J, Sghaier MB, Neffati A, Bhouri W, Bouhlel I, Chouchane N, Kilani S, Guedon E, Ghoul M, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Investigation of biological activity of polar extracts isolated from Phlomis crinita Cav ssp Mauritanica Munby. Drug Chem Toxicol.
2009; 32(1):38-46.
Dellai A, Mansour HB, Limem I, Bouhlel I, Sghaier MB, Boubaker J, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Screening of antimutagenicity via antioxidant activity in different extracts from the flowers of Phlomis crinita Cav ssp mauritanica munby from the center of Tunisia. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2009; 32(3):283-292.
Dewanto V, Wu X, Adom KK, Liu RH. Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50(10):3010-3014.
Khettaf A, Belloula N, Dridi S. Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some wild medicinal plants in southeastern Algeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 2016; 15(13):524-530.
Reis FS, Barreira JCM, Calhelha RC, van Griensven LJID, Ćirić A, Glamočlija J, Soković M, Ferreira ICF. Chemical characterization of the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng and contribution of different fractions to its bioactivity. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2014; 58(2):478-485.
Dridi A, Reis FS, Pires TCSP, Calhelha RC, Pereira C, Zaghdoudi K, Ferreira ICF, Barros L, Barreira JCM. Aesculus hippocastanum L.: A simple ornamental plant or a source of compelling molecules for industry?. Separations. 2023; 10(3):160.
Liang Y, Liang Y, Zhang H, Guo B. Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2022; 17(3):353-384.
Addis R, Cruciani S, Santaniello S, Bellu E, Sarais G, Ventura C, Maioli M, Pintore G. Fibroblast proliferation and migration in wound healing by phytochemicals: evidence for a novel synergic outcome. Int J Med Sci. 2020; 17(8):1030-1042.
Agyare C, Boakye YD, Bekoe EO, Hensel A, Dapaah SO, Appiah T. Review: African medicinal plants with wound healing properties. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 177: 85-100.
Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P, Gurung R, Koirala N. Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants. 2019; 8(4): 96.
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: An overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016; 5: e47.
Swetha M, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 12: 809308.
Falcão S, Calhelha R, Touzani S, Badiaa L, Ferreira I, Boas M. In vitro interactions of Moroccan propolis phytochemicals on human tumor cell lines and anti-inflammatory properties. Biomolecules. 2019; 9:315.
Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Ayla Ş, Daylan B, Kültür Ş, Demirci B, Demirci F. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and in vivo-in vitro wound healing potential of the Phlomis rigida Labill.extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021; 266:113408.
Chakraborty RK, Burns B. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Adebayo S, Ondua M, Shai L, Lebelo S. Inhibition of nitric oxide production and free radical scavenging activities of four South African medicinal plants. J Inflamm Res. 2019; 12:195-203
Alvarez-Suarez JM, Carrillo-Perdomo E, Aller A, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, González-Pérez L, Beltrán-Ayala P, Battino M. Anti-inflammatory effect of Capuli cherry against LPS-induced cytotoxic damage in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;102 :46-52.
Murthuza S, Manjunatha BK. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory potency of Mesua ferrea, Saraca asoca, Viscum album & Anthocephalus cadamba in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cell lines and Wistar albino rats. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2018; 7(4):719-723.
Radstake WE, Gautam K, van Rompay C, Vermeesen R, Tabury K, Verslegers M, Baatout S, Baselet B. Comparison of in vitro scratch wound assay experimental procedures. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2023; 33: 101423.
Muzammil S, Neves Cruz J, Mumtaz R, Rasul I, Hayat S, Khan MA, Khan AM, Ijaz MU, Lima RR, Zubair M. Effects of drying temperature and solvents on in vitro diabetic wound healing potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Molecules. 2023; 28(2): 710.
Stojković D, Gašić U, Drakulić D, Zengin G, Stevanović M, Rajčević N, Soković M. Chemical profiling, antimicrobial, anti-enzymatic, and cytotoxic properties of Phlomis fruticosa L. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021; 195:113884.
Okur ME, Karadağ AE, Reis R, Sipahi H, Arslan R, Demirci B, Demirci F. Phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of Phlomis pungens. J Fac Pharm Ankara. 2022; 46(1): 11-22.
Engel N, Oppermann C, Falodun A, Kragl U. Proliferative effects of five traditional Nigerian medicinal plant extracts on human breast and bone cancer cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137(2):1003–1010.
Imieje VO, Onochie CF, Nwaka B, Falodun A. In vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Extracts of the Stem Bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Harms) Mimosaceae. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2022; 6(11)