Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: A Review Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research
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Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana, a natural sweetener, has attracted significant attention for its potential antihyperlipidemic effects. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of Stevia in managing hyperlipidaemia with special emphasis on its effect on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. A literature review of multiple studies was conducted to explore the antihyperlipidemic properties of Stevia. The findings indicated that Stevia possesses significant antihyperlipidemic properties, largely due to its substantial amount of steviol glycosides, such as stevioside, and rebaudioside A. Studies have shown that Stevia consumption significantly reduces TC, TG, and LDL levels while maintaining or potentially increasing HDL levels. Stevia inhibits the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, leading to reduced cholesterol synthesis in Hep-G2 cells, enhances cholesterol internalization, and also promotes cholesterol storage in lipid droplets. Moreover, it upregulates bile acid excretion and prevents bile acids from being reabsorbed in the small intestine, further lowering cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic genes are also down-regulated, resulting in decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride contents. Although, initial results are promising, more in-depth clinical investigations are essential to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of Stevia as an antihyperlipidemic agent. These studies would need to consider various dosages, treatment durations, and individual differences regarding Stevia consumption.
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