HPLC-MS/MS Profile, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Lawsonia inermis Seed Fractions
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms present in many medical conditions, typically managed with analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications. However, these medications, whether targeting peripheral or central pathways, are often associated with adverse side effects. This study aimed to identify the constituents of Lawsonia inermis seed fractions, and evaluate the analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of these fractions. Chemical constituents of the fractions were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The analgesic properties were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests, while anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice. A total of 29 compounds were identified, with the ethanol fraction exhibiting the highest concentration of the constituents, amounting to 93.89 mg/g fraction. Major compounds detected in the ethanol fraction included gallic acid, catechin, tannic acid, vanillin, epicatechin gallate, isoquercitrin, and ellagic acid. The study revealed that the ethanol fraction demonstrated a notable peripheral analgesic effect, achieving 34.75% inhibition at a dose of 250 mg/kg in mice, while the aqueous fraction showed substantial central analgesic activity in rats at 500 mg/kg throughout the experimental period. Additionally, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, the ethanol fraction resulted in a 74.05% inhibition of inflammation in mice, outperforming indomethacin, which achieved a 58.09% inhibition at 10 mg/kg after 4 h. These findings present novel evidence that the fractions of L. inermis seed exhibit significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the traditional medicinal use of this plant for the management of conditions involving pain and inflammation.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Zhang YH, Adamo D, Liu H, Wang Q, Wu W, Zheng YL, Wang XQ. Inflammatory pain: mechanisms, assessment, and intervention. Front Mol Neurosci. 2023; 16:1286215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2023.1286215
Yener I, Yilmaz MA, Olmez OT, Akdeniz M, Tekin F, Hasimi N, Alkan MH, Ozturk M, Ertas A. A detailed biological and chemical investigation of sixteen Achillea species’ essential oils via chemometric approach. Chem Biodivers. 2020; 17(3):e1900484. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900484
3. Boğa M, Alkan H, Ertaş A, Oral EV, Yılmaz MA, Yeşil Y, Gören AC, Temel H, Kolak U. Phytochemical profile and some biological activities of three Centaurea species from Turkey. Trop J Med Res. 2016; 15(9):1865-1875. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i9.8
4. Pan MH, Lai CS, Ho CT. Anti-inflammatory activity of natural dietary flavonoids. Food Funct. 2010; 1(1):15‑31. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0FO00103A
5. Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, Keefe FJ, Mogil JS, Ringkamp M, Sluka KA, Song XJ, Stevens B, Sullivann MD, Tutelmano PR, Ushidap T, Vader K. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020; 161(9):1976‑1982. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939
6. Ceylan R, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Sinan KI, Ak G, Jugreet S, Cakır O, Ouelbani R, Paksoy MY, Yılmaz MA. Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant functionality of eleven Inula species based on chemical components and chemometric insights. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2021; 95:104225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2021.104225
7. Fokunang C. Overview of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) in resource limited countries. MOJ Toxicol. 2018; 4(1):5-13. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojt.2018.04.00081
8. Altay A, Yeniceri E, Taslimi P, Taskin-Tok T, Yilmaz MA, Koksal E. LC-MS/MS analysis and diverse biological activities of Hypericum scabrum L.: in vitro and in silico research. S Afr J Bot. 2022; 150:940-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.08.032
9. Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, Buenaventura R, Adlaka R, Sehgal N, Glaser SE, Vallejo R. Opioid Complications and Side Effects. Pain Phys. 2008; 11:S105-S120. https://doi.org/10.36076/PPJ.2008/11/S105
10. Selek S, Koyuncu I, Caglar HG, Bektas I, Yilmaz MA, Gonel A, Akyuz E. The evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer effects of Lepidium Sativum Subsp Spinescens L. methanol extract on cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol. 2018; 64(3):72-80. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.3.12
11. Güven ZB, Saracoglu I, Nagatsu A, Yilmaz MA, Basaran AA. Anti-tyrosinase and antimelanogenic effect of cinnamic acid derivatives from Prunus mahaleb L.: Phenolic composition, isolation, identification and inhibitory activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023; 310:116378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116378
12. Yeniçeri E, Altay A, Koksal E, Altın S, Taslimi P, Yılmaz MA, Cakir O, Tarhan A, Kandemir A. Phytochemical profile by LC-MS/MS analysis and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anticancer activity of Onobrychis argyrea leaf extracts. Eur J Integr Med. 2024; 66:102337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102337
13. Al Qahtani HW, Yagi S, Yılmaz MA, Cakır O, Tarhan A, Mustafa AA, Zengin G. Chemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of natural Saudi Sidr and Talh honeys. Chem Biodivers. 2022; 19(7):e202200227. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200227
14. Onder A, Gülmez N, Baran MY, Kuruuzum-Uz A, Trendafilova A, Koc AS, Cakir O, Yilmaz MA. Identifying phenolics by UPLC–MS/MS in some Prangos Lindl. species and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023; 236:115733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115733
15. Sharma RK, Goel A, Bhatia A. Lawsonia inermis Linn: A plant with cosmetic and medical benefits. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol. 2016; 4(1):15‑20. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i1.14728
16. Bellakhdar J. Contribution to the study of traditional pharmacopoeia in morocco : the situation today, the products, the sources of knowledge (an ethnopharmacological ground survey realized from 1969 to 1992). 1997. Université de Lorraine. France. Retrieved from: https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/439ukpt
17. Okeke VO, Okoye NN, Ngwoke KG, Okoye FBC. Antimicrobial Screening and HPLC-DAD-MS Characterization of the Flavonoid–Rich Fractions of the Methanol Leaf-Extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2021; 5(8):1500‑1505. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i8.28
18. Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Rakhshandeh H, Sabahi K, Hosseini M, Forouzanfar F. Anti-anxiety and Hypnotic Effects of Lawsonia inermis Hydroalcoholic Extract. Lett Drug Des Discov. 2024; 21(4): 718‑723. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570180820666230119162349
19. Moutawalli A, Benkhouili FZ, Doukkali A, Benzeid H, Zahidi A. The biological and pharmacologic actions of Lawsonia inermis L. Phytomed Plus. 2023; 3(3):100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100468
20. Nesa L, Munira S, Mollika S, Islam M, choin H, Chouduri AU, Naher N. Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities of methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis barks in mice. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014; 4(4):287-296.
21. Humaish H. Study comparison analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and alcoholic leaves extract of Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) with ketoprofen in male albino rats. Kufa J Vet Med Sci. 2017; 8(2):88‑100. https://doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2017/v8i24111
22. Moutawalli A, Benkhouili FZ, Ouchari L, El Fahime E, Benzeid H, Doukkali A, Zahidi A. Quantitative phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the seed of Lawsonia inermis L. Plant Sci Today. 2024; 11(2):105-116. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2834
23. Yilmaz MA. Simultaneous quantitative screening of 53 phytochemicals in 33 species of medicinal and aromatic plants: A detailed, robust and comprehensive LC–MS/MS method validation. Ind Crops Prod. 2020; 149:112347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112347
24. Ameggouz M, Drioua S, El-Guourrami O, Azalmad H, Metni KEB, Koursaoui L, Zahidi A, Doukkali A, Satrani B, Benzeid H. Assessment of Acute Toxicity and Analgesic Effect of Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G. Manetti ex Carrière Stem Extracts. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2024; 8(7):7677-7681. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i7.7
25. Benkhouili FZ, Moutawalli A, El-Guourrami O, Benzeid H, Doukkali A, Zahidi A. Assessment of Acute Toxicity and Analgesic Activity of Organic and Aqueous Fractions from Retama Monosperma Stems. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2024; 8(7):7682-7687. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i7.8
26. Zouhri A, Bouddine T, Menyiy NE, El-Mernissi Y, Laaroussi H, Chebaibi M, Amhamdi H, Elharrak A, Nafidi HA, Sitotaw B, Jardan YAB, Bourhia M, Hajji L. Chemical composition and potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic efficacy of Cistus albidus L. Acta Pharm. 2024; 74(1):81‑99. https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0002
27. Fitzcharles MA, Cohen SP, Clauw DJ, Littlejohn G, Usui C, Häuser W. Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions. The Lancet. 2021; 397(10289): 2098-2110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00392-5
28. Muhammad S, Rimsha A, Shaukat A, Horacio B, Shehzeen N, Qudsia N, Saima R, Rana R, Mahmood K. Inflammatory response of nanoparticles: Mechanisms, consequences, and strategies for mitigation. Chemosphere. 2024; 363:142826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142826
29. El-guourrami O, Drioua S, Ameggouz M, Salhi N, Sayah K, Zengin G, Zahidi A, Doukkali A, benzeid H. Antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, and phytochemical analysis of Ammi majus (L.) extracts. Int J Second Metab. 2023; 10(1):23-37. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1139246
30. Mamun-OR, Ashiqul I, Shah A, Aslam H. Evaluation of Analgesic Activity by Acetic Acid Induced Writhing Method of Crude Extracts of Acacia nilotica. Sch Acad J Pharm. 2017;6(4):126‑138. https://doi.org/ 10.21276/sajp
31. Hoggatt J, Singh P, Hoggatt A, Speth JM, Pelus LM. Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Signaling by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) or EP4 Receptor Antagonism Expands Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPC) and Enhances Their Mobilization to Peripheral Blood in Mice and Baboons. Blood. 2009; 114(22):84. http://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V114.22.84.84
32. Benítez-Angeles M, Morales-Lázaro SL, Juárez-González E, Rosenbaum T. TRPV1: Structure, Endogenous Agonists, and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(10):3421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103421
33. Patil KR, Mahajan UB, Unger BS, Goyal SN, Belemkar S, Surana SJ, Ojha S, Patil CR. Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(18):4367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184367
34. Guay J, Bateman K, Gordon R, Mancini J, Riendeau D. Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema in Rat Elicits a Predominant Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Response in the Central Nervous System Associated with the Induction of Microsomal PGE2 Synthase-1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279(23):24866‑24872. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M403106200
35. Vazquez E, Navarro M, Salazar Y, Crespo G, Bruges G, Osorio C, Tortorici V, Vanegas H, Lopez m. Systemic changes following carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. Inflamm Res. 2015;64(5):333‑342. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00011-015-0814-0
36. Wiem A, Smail A, Wissem M, Faleiro M, Miguel M. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of leaf, flower and seed aqueous extracts of lawsonia inermis from tunisia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 6(5):445-452.
37. Chaibi R, Drine S, Ferchichi A. Chemical study and biological activities of various extracts from lawsonia inermis (henna) seed. Acta Med Mediterr. 2017; (6):981‑986. https:/doi/10.19193/0393-6384_2017_6_155
38. Mueller M, Hobiger S, Jungbauer A. Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from fruits, herbs and spices. Food Chem. 2010; 122(4):987‑996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.041
39. Abolarin PO, Owoyele BV. Tannic acid inhibits pain mediators, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. Enviro Anal Health and Toxicol. 2024; 39(2):e2024019. https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2024019
40. Yahfoufi N, Alsadi N, Jambi M, Matar C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1618. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111618