Phytosynthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles of Aqueous Extracts of Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla G.) Leaves and Stem Bark
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Abstract
Nanoparticles, with size ranging from 1-100 nm, have numerous applications, particularly as antimicrobial agents. The present study was designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of gandaria (Bouea macrophylla G.) leaves and stem bark as bioreductants and investigate their antibacterial activity. Gandaria leaves and stem bark were extracted by boiling with water. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from each of the extracts, and the optimal concentrations of AgNO3 for nanoparticle formation were determined with and without the addition of 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The phytosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli, and Stapilococcus aureus. The results showed that the optimal AgNO3 concentrations for AgNPs synthesis in the leaf and stem bark extracts were 1.5 and 2.0 mM, respectively. The addition of PVA affected AgNPs synthesis in the leaf extract, but not in the stem bark extract. The best time for the formation of AgNPs in the aqueous extract of gandaria leaves without, and with PVA were 3 days, and 5 days, respectively. In the aqueous extract of gandaria stem bark with and without PVA, the optimal time for AgNPs formation was 5 days. The antibacterial sensitivity test showed that AgNPs from the leaf and stem bark extracts of gandaria had the same inhibitory potential against the test bacteria. The findings from this study suggest that AgNPs with antibacterial potential can be prepared using gandaria extracts as bioreductants.
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