Cytotoxicity with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, Antibacterial Activity, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitory Activity of Red Betel (Piper cf. arcuatum Blume) Stem Extract
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Abstract
Piper cf. arcuatum Blume is a plant that has long been used in traditional medicine in Indonesia. The community has used the leaves as antioxidants, antimicrobials, antidiabetics, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agents. However, the stem part of Piper cf. arcuatum Blume has not been widely used. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Piper cf. arcuatum Blume stem. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) with Artemia salina larvae. Evaluation of its antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and antidiabetic evaluation via dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition. Based on the results of this research, the three extracts showed very strong cytotoxic effects, with LC50 values of 14.65, 17.38, and 33.74 ppm, respectively. In contrast, E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria did not appear to be significantly affected. The methanol extract possesses the highest potential for inhibiting DPP IV, with a % inhibition value of 49.23±0.1%. These findings indicated that the stem of Piper cf. arcuatum Blume could potentially function as an antidiabetic agent and can prevent cancer.
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