The Effects of Phenylpropanoid and Aurone Compounds on Cell Cycle Modulation and Apoptosis Induction in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells
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Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, necessitating the continuous search for effective treatments. Natural compounds, such as phenylpropanoids and aurones, have gained attention for their potential anticancer properties. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of these compounds on 4T1 breast cancer cells, with the aim of exploring their capacity to induce cell death and disrupt the cell cycle. 4T1 breast cancer cells were treated with Cisplatin (3.56 µg/mL), phenylpropanoid (5.12 µg/mL), and aurone (4.05 µg/mL). Cell death and cell cycle distribution was assessed by flow cytometry. Results revealed that phenylpropanoid induced the highest cell death (11.81%), followed by aurone (7.51%), and cisplatin (6.61%). Both phenylpropanoid and aurone significantly triggered apoptosis and disrupted the cell cycle. Phenylpropanoid treatment led to an accumulation of cells in the S and G2/M phases, while aurone primarily caused arrest in the S phase. These findings suggest that these compounds may have more potent anticancer effects than cisplatin, mainly through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Phenylpropanoid and aurone compounds exhibit promising anticancer potential by promoting apoptosis and disrupting the cell cycle in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Further studies are necessary to explore their therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms.
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