Extraction and Quantification of Flavonoids from Vietnamese Dicranopteris linearis Leaves Using Green Method and Determination of their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
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Abstract
Flavonoids are one of the most promising agents in reducing post-prandial hyperglycaemia due to their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. An investigation of the flavonoid-rich fraction from medicinal plants is imperative due to their potential health benefits. This study aims to develop a green and efficient method for extracting flavonoids from Dicranopteris linearis leaves, and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Air-dried and powdered D. linearis leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol by percolation at room temperature. The crude ethanol extract was subjected to macroporous resin (Diaion HP20) column chromatography to obtain flavonoid-rich fraction F as well as other non-flavonoid fractions (W and P). The total flavonoid content of the crude extract and fractions was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed using standard method. The quercitrin content of the crude extract and Fraction F was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method was validated following the ICH guidelines. Quercitrin was isolated from Fraction F by reverse phase preparative HPLC. A green method using Diaion HP20 resin produced a highly enriched flavonoid fraction from Dicranopteris linearis leaves that exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 1.36 ± 0.03 µg/mL, 24-fold stronger than that of the crude extract (IC50 = 32.16 ± 0.22 µg/mL). A validated quantitative HPLC analysis revealed that quercitrin was the major constituent of the flavonoid-rich fraction. This study provides a sustainable method for obtaining flavonoids from Dicranopteris linearis leaves with potential application as natural remedy for type 2 diabetes.
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